| In this paper, author criticize classic two concept of Liberty by Isaiah Berlin,and think there is no basis for its division, its theory of the internal layer is also ambiguous, negative freedom is not superior to positive freedom, and it is not real freedom, too.Divide negative freedom and positive freedom can not help us to recognize true freedom. Republican advance a theory"non-domination"freedom, which claims it is real concept of freedom and can be substituted into the first two, I think it is the position of standing on the empirical view of freedom, therefore excluded reason. There is no meaning of freedom without pursuit the transcendent value of freedom, and it is also still remain at the lowest level in the form. Kant's freedom of self-discipline that has brought freedom with moral values, highlights the dignity of human beings, but not too concerned about the practical consequences, on the whole is still belong to the scope of negative freedom. Hegel against Kant's freedom to make adjustments to improve and develop a sense of freedom of the three historical stages, so that negative freedom and positive freedom in history to achieve a rational dialectical unity, help us to understand more deeply the concept of freedom . Finally, the so-called liberal universalism demands, the authors pointed out that the two sense of the universal(genearl and universal), the influence of universalism refers to the expansion of attitudes to universal knowledge beyond the realm of universal knowledge. The issue of values is not in the realm of universal knowledge. Thus any representation of the so-called universal knowledge with the methods of treating universal knowledge will not only meet insurmountable difficulty, but also lose touch with reality. People according to the challenges of the environment and continuously adjust the survival of their own state, adapt oneself to the environment, therefore have conscious to live. This is the true freedom. |
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