Qing Dynasty The Classics Zaoe Brief Account,

The situation of classics are in adversity can reflect whether a government was stable, whether the cultural policy was enlightened,whether the maintenance of classics was safe,where the classics sourced from,etc on a large scale.Therefore,it's necessary to demonstrate the situation.The background of my article is based on the situation in Qing Dynasty,which is the last feudal dynasty in Chinese history.Being based on our ancestors' achievements,I breakthrough the situation of classics being in adversity in Qing Dynasty,to study and discuss it, to summarize every reason and feature why the classics were in adversity in Qing Dynasty,and to provide a paper which mainly talk about the situation I mentioned above.There are three sections of this paper:1,Classics were in adversity due to extreme cultural policy.2,Classics were in adversity due to war.3,Classics were in adversity due to improper management and maintenance.In the first section,I collected the classics were in adversity due to the time in which the extreme cultural policy restrained people's mind.First,Classics were in adversity due to the deterrence and damage caused by The Character Punishment(In very time of Chinese history, those who spoke or wrote something which was against the certain government's propaganda would be put into prison.) The section penetrated from the definition and the exact persecution of The Character Punishment,illustrating the severe impact on literators,classics and the development of literature caused by typical cases of The Character Punishment,such as The Chuangs' case,"Wei Min Suo zhi" case,"Zi Guan" case,etc,and clarifying the process of above cases in details.Second,the deterrence and damage on classics caused by the Book Deterrence and Damage Policy during the 268 years dictated by Qing dynasty,during which,there are three parts:â… ,the deterrence on history,corpus and poetry.â…¡,the deterrence on "porno" fictions, especially popular fictions had never been stopped.â…¢,the deterrence on "disobey" scripts had never been ceased.â…£,the reforming works were banned severely.In the second section,I studied the damage on classics caused by war or conflict,which mainly deciphered in two parts:First,Classics were in adversity caused by internal conflicts.The TaiPing Rebellion seriously destroyed the official and private classics in Southern Yangtzi Delta. The Nian Armed Uprising seriously destroyed royal and private classics in Northern part of China.Second,Classics were in adversity caused by foreign wars.I selected some classical works to analyze,which were in adversity as well,such as Imperial Collection of Four,Yongle Encyclopedia,Dunhuang Classics and Oracle Classics.In the third section,I discuss the damage,deterrence and loss of official and private classics caused by the ignorance in management and maintenance of the decadent dynasty.First,official classics were in adversity caused by improper management and maintenance.Second,private classics were in adversity caused by improper management and maintenance.As for this field,I selected several famous ancient private libraries to analyze,such as The Fans' Tianyige(the most ancient private library in Ningbo) and Luxinyuan's Bisonglou(one of the biggest private libraries in Qing dynasty,which was famous for its Song dynasty books),where the classics were seriously damagedIn a word,the Qing dynasty is the latest one.If we study the classics being in adversity,and know the certain reason and situation in details in this period,we will contribute to the development,utilization,protection,management and maintenance of modern classics.