| Lu Ling is said to be a great litterateur in the history of Chinese Literature and can't be ignored. The question is where the'greatness'is? That's the starting point of this thesis. There are lots of successful people in literature, and saying that Lu Ling is a great litterateur is far away from enough. As a matter of fact, he is special. Here is another question: what is the special value of Lu Ling in literature? Firstly, as a successful litterateur, he has his accomplishments in literature. Secondly, starting from his value in literature, we can get that in sociology, psychology (or that in national spirit), narratology, history and so on. Moreover, Lu Ling's greatness also lies in his attitude toward the nation, which is in trouble, and his social conscience. This thesis studies the characters of Lu Ling's early period. The author adopts multiple perspectives and comparative study, so as to grasp precisely the various values of the characters of Lu Ling's early period. This thesis mainly decodes the characters and discusses the values of Lu Ling's early characters, so to find out the mystery of his creation of characters and better understand his writings. Moreover, it will sight lights on nowadays writing.Up to now, there have been many studies on Lu Ling. How to do valuable researches should be considered. After reading lots of monographs and periodicals, the author finds that there are both accomplishments and limitations in recent studies on Lu Ling's writing. From the available references, the author adopts a multilateral perspective instead of the unilateral perspective which is used widely before. At the same time, the author narrows the range of study to the characters of his early periods. Moreover, the author adopts comparative methods in this thesis. (Introduction)How to position Lu Ling's characters? The author compares the values of Lu Ling's characters longitudinally in a broader cultural background. There are changes and inheriting in the history of encoding characters in both Eastern and Western fictions. In the 1930s and 1940s in China, Lu Ling is mentioned in the same breath with Lu Xun. What's the difference between the characters of Lu Ling's writing and those of Chinese fiction and Western fiction? More importantly, what's the difference between the characters of Lu Ling's writing and those of the fictions in the same age? The author holds that the success of Lu Ling's writing lies in three aspects. The first aspect is the responsibility to his country. The second one is the feeling he has for his fellow citizens. The third one is his spirit of never giving in to disaster. This thesis adopts encoding method to absorb and integrate characters of Western and Eastern fiction, so as to make the values of his characters, especially those of his early characters higher than those the same age. (Chapter One, Characters in Western and Eastern Fiction)What intentions of the writer does a character load? How to encode a character? One depending element is his attitude toward arts. This thesis analyzes the codes of Lu Ling's characters from his attitude toward arts. The author read a lot of references and adopts the comparative method to evaluates the values and literature positions of his novels, in terms of the values that the characters of his novels load. Firstly, the author introduces some relevant theories on character and discusses Lu Ling's attitude toward arts from three perspectives. Secondly, the author explains the theories from talks between Lu Ling and Hu Feng, and from Lu Ling's critical corpus, so as to help us decode the values the characters of his novels load. (Chapter Two, Influence of Lu Ling's Attitude toward Arts on His Characters)Comparative method is quite a good perspective for evaluating the literature positions and social values of the characters of Lu Ling's novels. The author finds that there are three points where characters of Lu Ling's novels are better, compared with those of Lu Xun's. Firstly, there are many numb people in Lu Xun's writings, and nearly all of them end up with tragedy. In Lu Ling's novels, there are also many people who are suffering from enslavement in mind. However, different from those in Lu Xun's writings, they end up with success in mind. Secondly, Lu Xun's writings describe the numbness of the characters while Lu Ling writes to encourage the moral of activity and to change the current situation. There is not depression and enslavement in his writing, but desperate struggle. Lu Xun also pays attention to the depiction of national spirit, but statically or stately. However, Lu Ling pays attention to the change of the characters'mind, dynamically. Thirdly, Lu Ling moves further than Lu Xun. The meaning of further lies in that Lu Xun describes the citizens'shortcoming of nationality while Lu Ling turns to call on the citizens to fight.The characters of Lu Ling's writings are influenced deeply by those of Russian fiction. In the course of encoding structure and meaning, Lu Ling uses successful characters of Russian fiction as a source of reference. Moreover, by referring to encoding of characters of Russian famous writer's writing, Lu Ling gives the codes of his characters deep social and literature values. (Chapter Three, Comparative Study on Characters in Lu Ling's Novels)Special times give Lu Ling's novels deeper historical meaning. The author tries to combine the Lu Ling's life with his writings and study meaning of the codes of his characters, from the perspective of history. There are features of Lu Ling himself as well as historical and social background. The mind features of characters in Lu Ling's novels are especially influenced by the above two aspects. When writing, Lu Ling arrange the character, the times and himself into a uniform system. Thus, from the perspective of history, Lu Ling's novels have values in sociology. (Chapter Four, Historical Study on Characters in Lu Ling's Novels)Exploring the historical position and social responsibility and look back to the coding of characters in Lu Ling's novels from the perspective of narratology belong to the deeper encoding analysis. The author discusses the values of characters in Lu Ling's novels from the perspective of narratology. Different from Lu Xun's pote, Lu Ling's potential readers are hierarchy and specific; various readers imply the writer's various attitudes toward history. Generally speaking, in 1940s, novels can be divided into three types: historical narration, sexual narration and decadent narration. Lu Ling insists to have citizens as his characters and narrates historically. His writings have high values in both Chinese literature and sociology. (Chapter Five, Narrative Study on CharactersLu Ling is a mysterious literature genius in the 21st century, and also a responsible and conscientious writer. He creates a series of characters that compose his coding system of fiction writing. How to understand precisely the meaning of the codes of characters in Lu Ling's novels is what lots of scholars are working on. Based on the recent researches on Lu Ling, this thesis tries to decode the characters in Lu Ling's novels from multiple perspectives. Surely it is a big project and different to accomplish, for both Lu Ling himself and his writings are complicated. Nevertheless, the author believes that this is the trend of study on Lu Ling's writing. This thesis is just the beginning of this trend. (Conclusion)... |
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