Public Diplomacy "objective" Point Method Analysis

Globalization has led to greater interdependence between countries. Meanwhile, the rate increase and scope expansion of information transmission has not only exerted a stronger influence of domestic public opinion on national policy, but also assisted the development of international broadcasting. Based on the development of these two, public diplomacy made its first appearance after the WWII, and began its development first in the international broadcasting field. With greater interdependence between countries, gaining goodwill from other countries by more peaceful means seems to be more effective and less costly than the past means like wars, political and economic enforcement. Making other peoples change their opinions of one country, then forming a positive image of this country, and finally persuading them to adopt the policies beneficial to this country by the adoption of public diplomacy through non-governmental channels, becomes an important means preferred by many countries.The research in Public Diplomacy produced in the 1960s, has already formed numerous achievements, the United States plays The most important role in this field, and Chinas research only focus on introduces what is public diplomacy and overseas research achievements. Based on the plenty of domestic and foreign literature, I found that most of these literatures, whether pure theory researches or the case studies in some specific countries, all use the method of "Subject Oriented" in this article. In fact ,the method of "Subject Oriented" doesn't comply with the concept "public diplomacy" itself which is"Object Oriented". It has caused not only the confusions in understanding of "public diplomacy", and also could not make significant guidance in the practice for other countries because of the differences between the subject countries. So although the research in public diplomacy has been made great achievements, but has not yet become mature and system theory, and also the guidance in the practice is limited. This paper argues that one of the reasons which caused this bottleneck is that the research focused too much on "Subject", while ignoring the two reasons which made the rising of public diplomacy: the international communication and the development of the influence of public opinion in domestic policy. Especially for the latter, because most of the existing research and neglect the way the public diplomacy is how to influence public opinion and thus influence the policy. Therefore, this article refers the Japan public diplomacy in American as an example, proposed the method of"Object Oriented", from the object that the United States of Americas public, interest groups, elite these three levels, analyze the process of action and the effect of Japan's public diplomacy. Through the study, on the one hand, aim to provide a new perspective to the study of the theory of public diplomacy, on the other hand, also to make a systematic study in Japan public diplomacy to U.S.