Farmers Working Class Formation And Protection

Since the Reform and Opening, China has experienced a double-way movement defined by Polanyi. However,compared to the typical economic disembedding movement and the inverted protective movement Polanyi specifyed, the China′s double-way movement witnesses the strongly dominant strength of the nation. In this vigorous market-oriented revolution, there have emerged a huge number of new industrial working class with rural workers as the principle body. Therefore, the nation has left traces here and there in the forming and developing process of this class.With the double-way movement dominated by the nation as the thesis′s sutructure, the wirter analyzes in detail how the institutional and organizational arrangements as the carriers of the nation shape the self-awareness and behavior patterns of rural workers. And then she takes a further speculation about the possible resistent or intensified infulence on the class identity﹑consciousness and actions taken by the institutional designs and their platical operations.To be specific, the nation controled and leaded the marked-oriented movement which made the ecomony disembedded and made the labor foces commercialized. In this process, the institutional heritages such as the household registration system and the land management system and the main-stream"developmentism"ideology were of great importance,because they moulded a rural-worker class with uncomplet proletarianization, who were absent of class words and had a faith on the market and development.At the same time,in advance of the collective mobilation and the expression of interest by themselves,the nation has built the inverted protective project with"rule the country by law"as the core and the executive and judicial bodies as the structure.On one hand, the nation has positively legislated in order not only to regulate and protect the ecomonical rights of rural workers,but also to provide the executive and judicial channels for labor disputes. On the other hand, the nation has actively been attracting rural workers into the national union federation to comfort with their organizational needs which holds an sizable scale and compacte organizations.From the macro perspective of institutional arrangement, the labor system set up by the nation can satisfye the rurual workers′demands about their self-protction. It not only means the annihilation of the inducements kindling the class identification and the class movement, but also means the limits that can not be overstepped in the collectiv movement against the capital and the nation.But in the practical operation of those protective systems, there are fullfilled with internal tension between the nation′s two roles ,that is the pursuer of the economic development and the protecter of the workers′rights. So the dissimilation presents itself in the links of the institutional designs and their operations. For examples, the local governments form a kind of comspiratory with the capital to ignore the laws;in the progress of the labor dispute arbitrations, the government departments shift their responsibility one by one,which produces a high cost;the union lingers between the two identity as the government department and the organization in representation of workers. The dissimilation of the protective system leads that the legal rights even the living rights of rural workers can not be safeguarded,which will strengen the cognization of the cruelty of the capital′s exploitation and the contradictions between the nation′s institutional designs and their operations. In the fights with the nation and the captical to safeguard rights, they have accelerated the class indentify and consciousness.According to the research, the writer comes to the conclusion that rural workers do not initiate to form the class and they currently have not been in the form of the class in itself defined by Max, in spite that the class consciousness has been waked up in the rudimentary stage and the unorganized collective movements are occuring thick and fast. So the nation has to adjust the orientation of its role in the inverted protective movement. Several measures should be taken to eliminate the accumulating contradictions between the capital and the labors and to build up a harmonious relationship positively.