Ghana Policy Analysis (1957-1966)

Gold Coast was the colony of British. Under the leadership of the Nkrumah declared independence on March 6,1957, which was renamed Ghana after independence. It changed its name into the Republic of Ghana on Julyl,1960. Ghana was the first country that won independence in sub-Saharan Africa after the Second World War. In the context of the Cold War, this small country had also been involved in the US-Soviet competition for the increasingly fierce international political struggles in 1957-1966. Soviet attempted to cultivate it for a peaceful transition, typically taking the socialist road; while the U.S. feared of Ghana bringing a "domino effect" in Africa and competed with the Soviet Union in Ghana to safeguard U.S. interests. Thus, Ghana was involved in the mid-Soviet competition for the increasingly fierce international political struggles in the 1950s late sixties medium-term. This paper attempts to discuss and analyzes the Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson administration three terms government of the Nkrumah regime preliminary policy.The essay including foreword, text and conclusion.The foreword summarizes the significance and value of this theme, introduces the research both at home and abroad at present and research methods.The text divided into four Parts.The first part introduces the origin of U.S. policy in Ghana. First, a brief overview of Ghana, and then briefly describes the African national liberation movement after World War II, Ghana obtained independence on the March 6,1957after a long struggle, which marked the British end of colonial rule in Ghana. Finally, discusses the United States to use the post-war boom of African national liberation movement, Britain, France and other imperialist countries, the weakening of this favorable opportunity to expand the impact of Africa, especially Ghana.The second part of Ghana's independence years (1957-1960) of Nkrumah in Ghana took a walk similar to the path of Western-style model according to national conditions, the implementation of more realistic policies. In the Soviet Union in the context of increasingly fierce competition for the Eisenhower administration to Ghana to took the economy of food aid, technical assistance and capital assistance; draw political; diplomatic recognition and cultural infiltration and other policies in an attempt to Ghana to introduce American-style democracy. While the other side of the Cold War policy of the Soviet Union and the United States is developing a series of competing Ghana.The third part analyzes the period of the Republic of Ghana (1960-1966) Nkrumah took extreme policy from the Western-style democratic ideas to "African socialism ", from the private ownership of state-owned economy to a market system of planned economy and gradually tend to socialism. Kennedy Government tried to rope in a way that Ghana took the road of American-style parliamentary democracy, he adopted the "Peace Corps" cultural infiltration of Ghana; dollar diplomacy policies on Ghana's Volta River Project for assistance. Johnson in the face of the situation in Ghana has changed the carrot policy, picked up sticks in Ghana, through covert intervention activities to the success of Ghana's military coup, eventually leading to Nkrumah government's downfall.The fourth part analyzes on the United States toward Ghana the characteristics and the impact from 1957 to 1966. U.S. to Ghana characteristics of policy is the overall objective of the consistency; followed by a continuity of policy, these policies are the result of a progressive nature. United States of Eisenhower, Kenney and Johnson three-term policy of the Government of Ghana is essentially the same which are an attempt to prevent the further expansion of Soviet influence to Africa and to maintenance of U.S. national interests. The Eisenhower administration focused on "infiltration", the Kennedy administration focused on the "pull" and the Johnson administration will focus on "playing". Three-term Governments taken various measures struggles with the Soviet Union, but a continuation and development of the policy of containment. A continuation and development of the policy of containment U.S. policy on the impact of Ghana are manifold:First, subverted the legitimate government of Ghana, interrupted the progress and prosperity on the road and buried a curse after the chaos in Ghana. Second, curbed the impact of the Soviet Union and communist China in Ghana to some extent; At last, a heavy blow to the development of the socialist movement in Africa.The conclusion summarizes the full text of basic ideas.