Discourse Analysis Of "Party Leadership" In Constitution

The leadership of the communist party of China is a peculiar phenomenon. Andbuilding a socialist country under the rule of law with Chinese characteristics is pursuedby both the CCP and Chinese people under the leadership of the CCP. Realizing theunified the leadership of the CCP and the rule of law is the key to build a socialistcountry under the rule of law with Chinese characteristics.Constitution is the national basic law, then the rule of law is the premised by therule of constitution. The unified leadership of the CCP and the rule of law is firstly theunification of the leadership of the CCP and the constitution. So dealing with therelationship between the leadership of the CCP and the constitution is not only apractical problem, but also a theoretical problem.Since the establishment of People’s Republic of China in 1949, the NationalPeople’s Congress has passed four constitutions. There are some regulations of theleadership of the CCP in all previous constitutions, which reflects the political practiceof the leadership of the CCP in constitution at different times. This paper is intended totake as its subject the legal phenomenon ‘the leadership of the CCP’ discourse appearedin all previous constitutions, and apply the analytical framework of the three dimensionsof discourse analysis raised by The British linguist Fairclough Norman, which is in theperspective of discourse analysis and value-free.The traditional discourse analysis method belonged to linguistic research method,when the researchers used linguistics theories to analyze discourse. At that time Socialscience research lacked attention to language, and the social researchers had not brokenthrough linguistic dimensions about considering understanding of discourse, but justputting the words as the obvious things. At this time the linguistic research and socialscience research were in a state of separation.With the deepening of the social science research, some sociologists found theeffects discourse works in the social change, and then they developed the sociology oflanguage. One of the most important sociologists was the French famous thinker MichelFoucault who put forward some social theories of discourse, such as the relationshipbetween discourse and power, the constructive effects discourse works on knowledgeobject and the subject, and the intertextuality of the discourse.British linguist Fairclough thinks that behind words change is the change of thesociety, and the change of discourse practice is a form of social change. There is a kindof dialectical relations between discourse and social structure, and discourse practice isa form of social practice. Based on his discourse theory of sociology, Fairclough thinksthat the discourse should be studied by breaking through the linguistic dimension, andcombining the language features of discourse and social features of the discourse. Withthe change of the discourse as the breakthrough point, the social changes behind it canbe thoroughly analyzed.On the basis of the discourse analysis theories of the linguistics and the theories ofthe sociology of language, he put forward a practical method of discourse analysis. Thismethod combined different kinds of methods of language analysis in linguistics andsocial and political theories in the sociology, which can examine the role of language inthe process of social change. It explores the characteristics of the discourse from the textlevel, practice level, and social practice level. It applies to both linguistics research andis suitable for the social and cultural studies.On the text level, the linguistic theory is used to analyze the characteristics of thetext. On the practice level, the produce, consumption and spread of the text are analyzedbased on the discourse practice of discourse itself. On the social level, the productionprocess of the discourse order behind the discourse practice, which acts as amanifestation of the social practice, is also analyzed.In this paper, the discourse about ‘the leadership of the CCP’ in the constitutionwas analyzed as discourse.On the text level, the text about ‘the leadership of the CCP’ in the constitution wasclassified based on the concept of tone, finding that the text has a structure which is ‘Ndeclarative sentences and M imperative sentences’. Based on the ‘distinguish of fact andvalue’ theory put forward by Hume, it is considered that a kind of logic cracks exists inthe structure.On the discourse practice, this paper found that lawmakers used the techniques ofthe preset in the process of production of texts about the ‘the leadership of the CCP’ inconstitutions. Also, it is found that the content of the present would produce bandwagoneffect, the bandwagon effect to a certain extent was helpful to the construction of thesocial identity of the party’s leadership, which can strengthen and consolidate theleadership of the CCP.On the social practice, this paper regarded the discourse of the leadership of theCCP in constitutions as the practice of the legitimacy construction of the partyleadership. According to Marx weber’s three pure types of legal rule exist, the emphasisof legitimacy construction of the CCP in different historical period was distinguished.This paper found that with the change of the emphasis of the legality construction of theCCP in different periods, the discourse of the leadership of the CCP in constitutions hasconstantly changed.