| China is an agriculture-dominant country, a country with a huge population and rural people accounting for two thirds of the total. Tackling the issue of sustenance of old people in rural area is helpful for rural economic development and ensures the stability and prosperity of the whole country. That is why Chinese government pays a lot of attention to this issue. Since the opening and reform of China, the ministry of public welfare has gathered plentiful experience in building a workable rural pension system and set out its way from 1992. In academic area, owing to the urgency of erecting an urban social security system, many academicians devoted to the research of this area instead of rural issue. This thesis starts from discussing the status quo of the whole population and rural pension system, indicating the urgency of solving this issue, which aims at arousing the common concern. In the meantime, some points are raised on this issue. Those are: to choose different rural pension system according to practical condition of different area; the inevitability and feasibility of choosing a market-oriented rural pension system in some developed areas; suggestions on the practical operation and necessary matched software and hardware of such a system. The basic idea and logic structure of this thesis are as follows: through analyzing several characteristics of current population such as high density and imbalance of distribution, it is certain that population structure will be further unbalanced and the ratio of older people will increase. Rural peasants account for a major part of total population. Considering the status quo of rural pension system and the impact of rural population on the social and economic development, such suggestions as reforming the rural social production organization to boost economy and improving the quality of the population while controlling the total number are offered, and the urgency of taking these measures should be recognized. Besides, two pension systems as government-leading and market-oriented systems are compared. According tothe characteristics of current rural pension system and specific condition of different areas, the thesis points out that market-oriented pension system should be the choice of comparatively developed areas. Then the feasibility of building such a system in these areas is concretely discussed on the basis of government policy guide, financing ability and desirability and the organization of investment of the pension fund. Finally the thesis makes a detailed explanation on the conjecture of rural market-oriented pension system and its needed hardware and software by reviewing the experience and lessons from the past practice.The dissertation consists of four sections: the analysis on necessity, the comparison and selection of modes, the analysis on feasibility, operation and affiliates. The first chapter introduces the characteristics of Chinese population, the current security system and old-age risk faced by the residents in countryside, pointing out the three characteristics of Chinese population, i.e. high intensity and unbalanced distribution, the reach and deepening of old-age stage on the part of population structure, and unbalance between the urban and the suburb with the majority in the suburb. Old-age risk is the possibility that laborers got insufficient income due to the loss of working ability. Nowadays, some prominent problems exist in Chinese social security system, i.e. system being singular and rudimentary, strong dependence on family and children in countryside, low degree of socialization for old-age security, and low level of social security. Under such circumstances, consummating social security system impacts greatly developing socialized production in the countryside, deepening suburb economic reform, resolving the problem of aging population, implementing the family planning policy, conducting the consumption of suburb residents and the acumination of consumption funds. Therefore, quickly consummating social security... |
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