U.s. Shipping And Anti-terrorism Laws And Measures

After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, The United States is engaged in a multi-front war against global terrorism both at home and abroad. For the foreseeable future, U.S. homeland is vulnerable to attack by terrorists who seek to take advantage of weaknesses in American defenses and preparedness, including exploitation of the access offered by the oceans and maritime transportation systems.The world has not experienced a major terrorist attack using ships or containers -at least not yet. But it is clear that terrorists can see the potential of using the maritime trading system to conceal weapons or agents for attack purposes or to provide funding or support for their operations. Terrorists have also used small, high-speed craft, packed with conventional explosives several times in recent years to cause serious damage to, and deaths on, much larger vessels.U.S. government adopted the maritime antiterrorism stratagem. Several American recent security-related developments will require importers, exporters, carriers, brokers and others to change their practices and expectations regarding the efficient movement of goods across U.S. borders. Additionally, the increasing focus of the U.S. Government and ports on improving security offers companies with innovative solutions potential opportunities to help facilitate security throughout the supply chain.Given the breadth of the security-related changes being implemented, they are likely to have significant consequences for an extended period. Therefore, here comes this paper, whose purpose is to provide Chinese maritime antiterrorism legislation and practices with suggests and references, on the basis of such study.This paper divided the U.S. maritime antiterrorism system into two parts: legislations and practices. Chapter Ⅰ of this paper firstly introduces the overviews of American maritime antiterrorism measures what includes a series of legislations and practices.In Chapter Ⅱ, I narrate the main terms of Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002.I introduce the origin, contents and consequences of each of them.In Chapter Ⅲ , I expatiates the Container Security Initiative (CSI) and "24 hours Rule", analyze their effects on maritime trade, and study their impact on China as well.In Chapter Ⅳ, I present the Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT), In April 2002, Customs launched C-TPAT, a joint government and business partnership which asks businesses to ensure the security of their own supply chain in an effort to strengthen overall supply chain security.In Chapter Ⅴ, I present the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS), both of the IMO measures to against...