Study Of Contemporary Western European Countries, The Parliamentary Group Of The System

In contemporary western world, representative democracy of the parliamentary system can be concluded in essence as a kind of party politics. PPG, the representative and organizing structure of its party in the parliament, obviously functions a lot in linking the party to the parliament and connecting parliamentary system, party system and electoral system together. PPG can not be simply defined as a group constituted by the representatives standing for a certain party in the parliament, because some changing factors such as law enforcement, restriction of the scale of the members, voting disciplines may all contribute to a more complete definition of PPG.The present thesis attempts to divide the types of PPG from different angles: the internal structure and disciplines of the party group; the external resources that a party group controls; the relationship between the party group and EPG; the relationship between the party group and the government, etc. Meanwhile, the types of PPG vary in accordance with a series changes of the factors such as the constitution of a country, the party system, the party's own conditions(for example, its scale, ideological form, origin and developing process ), etc.The councilors standing for a certain party in the parliament are the main managers and the managing group of the party group. Party leaders and party whips respectively play a delicate role in the party's management, and how much influence they can exert depends how they are generated. State subventions and the professional assistants constitute the most important organizing resources of a party group and therefore guarantee the advantages of the party group in its competition with EPG and the government. To discuss it from a further prospect, the party group inclines to develop towards a PPC organization pattern. The major political parties in modern western countries are transforming from a common party that meets the needs of the public to a catch-all, electoral-professional and cartel party. And the process of the transformation includes the effective operation of the party group inside the parliament. PPG is closely connected inside itself and it plays an important part in turning the needs and demands of the voters in the election into the real public policies. From the perspective of the operating process, PPG is an action group composed of representatives from the same party in the parliament, and it can be divided into various types according to different standards. However, many party groups are tending to become a PPC in the real political life. And PPG, being an organization, its existence and operation makes it impossible for the party to be confined to the analytical patterns conducted by a parliamentary party or an electoral party in the political practice. Instead, PPG has become but the leading factor that controls the entire democratic system operating process in a systematic way.