A Comparative Study On The Function And Spatial Structure Of Capital At Home And Abroad

Capital is a special type of city, In addition to the General city functions, was also given the political center of the country. With the rapid development of urbanization, excessive concentration of capital resources, functional composite overlay and obvious, which makes urban problems become more prominent.The studies of capital city is still belongs to the weak area of the city and regional economy study in our country. Throughout the relevant literature, previous research focused on the capital’s economic function, rank, size, spatial diffusion research, lack of basic research of the capital city’s particularity. In order to make up for the insufficient in this area, grasp the functional and spatial characteristics of capital, we need to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of it.This paper tries to under the two angle of function and spatial structure, referring to the theory of urban and metropolitan development, to stratified and classified research on the data of the 161 capitals in the world, from the general development trend of capital function and space structure, research showed that: the capital city presents obvious geographical distribution; there are size variation of capital city between eveloping and developed countries, developing country trend to “big capital” and the developed country trend to "small capital"; the space of capital shows crcle development characteristics; The distribution of capital population present “Olive-shaped” structure of big in the middle then be smal;Higher the level of income, more sparse of capital population. In order to reveal the characteristics of the various capital cities, This paper explores to be divided as “single capital-single function”, “single capital-multi function” and “multi capital”. And we analyze different types in the process of urban development.Through comparative analysis the similarities and differences of domestic and foreign capital’s function and spatial structure, combining Beijing’s actual situation, Try to put forward the following recommendations: First, should learn from the advanced experience of the capital cities of developed countries, appropriate control population scale; Second, reference the "One capital more than one city" mode, dispersing the capital function; Third, Capital features could work by capital circle, Beijing should promote the integrated development of Beijing, Tianjin municipalities and Hebei province.