Research On Peasant Workers' Citizenization From The Perspective Of Human Capital

Over the years,urbanization in China has experienced a rapid growth, which can be seen from the urbanization rate increasing from 17.9% in 1978 to 56.1% in 2015 and also the population of permanent residents in cities and towns increasing from 170 million to 770 million. Nevertheless, the census register population urbanization rate is only 35.9% in China by 2013, being not only much lower than the average level of 80% in the developed countries but lower than the average level of 60% in the developing countries, which is an obstacle to the sound development of urbanization. Therefore, the Central Working Conference of Urbanization and the National New Urbanization Planning(2014-2020) has stressed that the new-type urbanization ought to be human-centered and the citizenization of rural-to-urban population should be prioritized in the next step. Meanwhile, by 2020, the urbanization rate of permanent residents should reach 60% and household register population urbanization rate ought to attain 45%. At present, the former is readily achievable while the latter still require considerable efforts. Consequently, the 13 th Five-Year Plan points out that to promote the rural-to-urban population whose urban employment and living are stable urbanizes with their families and guarantee their parallel rights and obligations with urban residents, which has indicated the government’s determination to realize the citizenization of migrant workers.While, though being eager to be citizen, the migrant workers are lack of related competence. In these years, the government has made great efforts to wipe out the institutional obstacles to citizenization. And the next point is rural migrant workers’ competence for urbanization, namely the promotion of migrant workers’ human capital, which is not only beneficial to citizenization, but to harvest a higher level of demographic dividend under the New Normal, more conducive to the implementation of an innovation-oriented country and an updated version of the Chinese economy. Thus, revolving around the citizenization of migrant workers, this paper employs the human capital as the mainline, migrant workers’ urbanization as the objective and promotion of migrant workers’ human capital as the approach. The critical contents and conclusions are as follows:Introduction, being an overview of this paper, primarily introduces background, significances, ideas and methods of the selected topic and generalizes the existing researches, potential innovation and deficiency.Chapter two is theoretical analysis. This chapter focuses on the human capital theories in Marxist economics and Western economics as well as its significance to the urbanization of rural migrant workers.Chapter three and chapter four are realistic analysis, being the critical part of this article. Chapter three firstly analyzes the current difficulties in the stock and incremental human capital of rural migrant workers as well as its influence to urbanization. Chapter Four concentrates on the macroscopic and microscopic reasons for the human capital dilemma of rural migrant workers. On the macro level, it is on account of dual labor market, unreasonable industrial structure and uneven distribution of education resource. On the micro level, it is the lack of migrant worker trainings.Chapter five makes an attempt to offer a series of policy proposals. Aiming at the causes in chapter four and combining with the latest policies, this part raises the methods of external solution and internal promotion to accelerate the accumulation of rural migrant workers’ human capital and emphasizes the integration of the elevation of rural migrant workers’ human capital and the external obstacles in the process of citizenization.