On The Trade Forms Of Mutual Trade In Ming Dynasty

Study on border trade of Ming dynasty is an important part of research on history of commercial economy of Ming dynasty. “Hushi”- border trade is generally known as trade with neighboring nations and foreign countries. But the existing research achievements always separate the sea border trade and the land border trade. Scholars either focus on north and northeast pastoral people, or southwest and the Tibetan minority tea trade,or even on development and abolishment of policy of intercourse with foreign countries. Today the concept of territory and territorial waters are an inalienable part of the national is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. It is a shame that the existing research lacks of integrity and unification study of border trade. We have to know that the national development is far-reaching, and the starting point for policy formulation also has not cut off contraction with the environment. Based on all these, the essay refers to the research achievements of predecessors, combined with records, files, notes and other historical materials. Considering the border trade research involves the wide content, here I just try to discuss the basic features, main characteristics and development trend about the border trade. The essay specifically includes the border trade’s form, time, place, mainly goods,participants, policy changes and the reason analysis ect..After I analyze some aspects of Ming dynasty border trade, there are four forms could be divided into this border trade- "tribute", " official trade ", " folk trade ", "smuggling".I focus on the policy changes during this period and the process of trade form changes. So as to make a general guideline to understand border trade of Ming dynasty.