| The oriental white stork (Ciconia boyciana) is a large wading bird.There are about 2500 individuals in its wild population and IUCN have listed it as endangered species. Due to the human hunt, habitat fragmentation and their low reproductive rate, the number of wild population of the species reduced and its distribution increasingly shrunk. The oriental white stork has been found reproduced in migratory stopover site in the Yellow River Delta and Yangtze River regions wintering, like Wangjiang in Anqing, Gaoyou, Dafeng, Yancheng in Jiangsu province, Jinggong, Panyang In Jiangxi province and Dongying in Shandong province, which indicated that there is a extending trend southward for their breeding areas. It's necessary to study the conservation genetics of the birds. This study is focused on the genetic diversity of the oriental white stork based on the microsatellite markers on the population of the oriental white stork and the breeding population from new breeding area, which means the ones reproduced in the non-breeding areas, compared with the traditional areas.The genome used in our study was extracted from 34 wild birds and one captive breeding bird. The results show as follows:1. A total of 23 effective samples were collected, including 13 from the southern breeding populations, after the analysis of the microsatellite data by software. The oriental white stork microsatellite primes was screened by cross-amplification, using microsatellite primers from the closely related species, such as Crested ibis, Great blue heron, White stork, etc.11 locus containing the microsatellite sequences were collected and 79 alleles were detected. Among the 11 loci,5 pairs were from the white stork, and 6 were from the great blue heron, which proved the universality of using primers the closely related species in the screening of the oriental white stork primes and the applicability of cross-amplification used in the screening of bird microsatellite loci.2. The Hardy-Weinberg balance test of the storks shows Cc01, Cc05, Cc06, Ah208, Ah211, and Ah341 in the equilibrium state(P>0.05), only Cc07 in the non-equilibrium state(0.01<P<0.05) and CcO2, Ah201 and Ah343 in the extra non-equilibrium state(P<0.01).3. The analysis showed the result that the oriental white stork maintained a high level of genetic diversity in China while the southern populations showing a slight lower level. The expected heterozygosis of each loci ranged from 0.6376(Cc07) to 0.8848(Ah341) and observed heterozygosis ranged from O.2(CcO2) to 0.9474(Ah341). The average MNA was 7.09±3.02, the average Hobs was 0.7326±0.0341, the average Hexe was 0.7816±0.0270, the average PIC was 0.7172. In the Breeding population,from new breeding area, showed that the average MNA was 4.55±1.57, the average Hobs was 0.6724±0.0521, the average hexe was 0.7150±0.0303 and the average PIC was 0.6117. Gene flow in the population might contribute to high genetic diversity in the Oriental White Stork. Some birds of the Chinese population had migrated to Japan and historically, genetic exchanges may have occurred between Chinese and Japanese populations.4. Fst of the breeding populations of stopover and wintering population was 0.0581, as indicates low genetic variation between the two subpopulations. Since the genetic diversity of the stopover breeding population is lower, compared with that of the wintering population, measures should be taken to strengthen the protection of the genetic diversity of breeding population in the Yellow River Delta, such as habitat restoration and releasing the captive breeding individual to the wild population. |
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