| ObjectiveTo explore the histological structure,the distribution characteristic of the argyrophil cells and the expression of Bax,KGF,TGF-β2,TGF-β3 and Ghrelin in gastrointestinal tract of Buteo hemilasius and Asio otus,the histological structure,the distributed density and morphology of the argyrophil cells in the gastrointestinal tract of Buteo hemilasius and Asio otus were observed using microscopy and the silver nitrate method of Gremilus,the expression of Bax,KGF,TGF-β2,TGF-β3 and Ghrelin was investigated by immunohistochemistry combined with stereological method.MethodThe histological structure was observed using microscopy method,the distributed density and morphology of the argyrophil cells were observed using the silver nitrate method of Gremilus,the expression of Bax,KGF,TGF-β2,TGF-β3 and Ghrelin was investigated by immunohistochemistry methods in the gastrointestinal tract of Buteo hemilasius and Asio otus.Their expression intensity was analyzed quantitatively and semiquantitatively by IPP professional image analysis software and stereological method.Results1 ) The histological structure of the gastrointestinal tract of Buteo hemilasius.Stomach is consisted of glandular stomach and muscular stomach,is made up of four concentric layers:which are the mucosa,submucosa,muscle layer and outer membrane.Gastric gland in glandular stomach is consisted of simple tubular glands and compound tubuloacinar glands.The muscularis mucosae and muscle layer of stomach is constructed by circular smooth muscle.Submucosa is consisted of connective tissue,nerve and blood vessel. There is not submucosa in the intestine,it is made of mucosa,muscle layer and outer membrane.Muscularis mucosae is obvious,is composed of longitudinal smooth muscle,but internal-ring and external-longitudinal smooth muscle in ileum;Muscle layer of intestine is made of internal-ring and external-longitudinal smooth muscle. 2)The histological structure of the gastrointestinal tract of Asio otus.It is made up of four concentric layers:which are the mucosa,submucosa,muscle layer and outer membrane.Muscle layer is made of internal-longitudinal and external-ring smooth muscle in glandular stomach,internal-ring intermediate-longitudinal,and external- ring smooth muscle in muscular stomach. Villus of intestine has branch. Mucosa epithelium of caecum is plenty of goblet cell,lymphocytes is poor in the lamina propria. Muscle layer of intestine is made of longitudinal smooth muscle.3) Argyrophil cells in the gastrointestinal tract of Buteo hemilasius and Asio otus.The shape of argyrophil cells is diverse,they are mainly roundness,oval,taper,long shuttle and anomaly.The distributed density of the glandular stomach is more than that of intestine, the distributed density of argyrophil cells is different.4) The microstructure of the liver of Buteo hemilasius and Asio otus. There is a serous membrane covering the liver,connective tissue together with the portal vein,hepatic artery and common hepatic duct stretch deeply into liver parenchyma and divide it into many hepatic lobules surrounding central vein. The irregular hepatic cords or plate and sinusoids line into a radiating shape surrounding the central vein,liver cell cord,liver sinusoid and Disse space staggered each other,constitute the main body of hepatic lobule.5)The ultrastructure of the live of Buteo hemilasius and Asio otus.Mitochondrium,rough endopladmic reticulum,golgi body,glycogen,lysosome are present in abundance in hepatocytes.Mitochondria cristae are parallel arrangement and tabular in shape.The RER are found to be parallel arrays and ribosome are rich in the RER membrane.Golgi's body located between nuclear and bile canaliculi is composed of one or two layers of squamous capsule and round vesicles.canaliculi are joined by tight junction and desmosomes to form a seal to prevent bile from escaping into the intercellular spaces between hepatocytes.6) The expression of interrelated polypeptides in gastrointestinal tract of Buteo hemilasius.Gastrointestinal tract of Buteo hemilasius appeared Bax,KGF,TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 immunoreactivity.Bax immunopositive cells were mainly distributed in the single-layered columnar epithelial cells of stomach mucos,intestinal mucosa,intestinal glands and the single-layered cuboidal epithelial cells in deep glands of the glandular stomach.KGF immunopositive cells mainly distributed in the epithelial cells of the glandular stomach mucosa,mucosa and simple tubular glands of muscular stomach,the blood vessel,lymph and smooth muscle fiber of the intestine lamina propia.TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 immunopositive cells were found in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of stomach mucosa,the glandular stomach deep glands,the muscular stomach simple tubular glands,intestine and intestinal glands.Ghrelin immunopositive cells mainly distributed in the mucosal layer of all intestine segments:duodenum,jejunum,ileum,caecum and rectum.7) The expression of interrelated polypeptides in gastrointestinal tract of Asio otus. Bax immunopositive cells were mainly distributed in the single-layered columnar epithelial cells of stomach mucosa,intestinal mucosa,intestinal glands and the single-layered cuboidal epithelial cells in deep glands of the glandular stomach. TGF-β2,TGF-β3 immunopositive cells were mainly localized at the cytoplasm of the single-layered columnar epithelial cells of the mucosa of the glandular stomach,simple tubular glands of muscular stomach,intestinal mucosa,intestinal glands as well as the single-layered cuboidal epithelial cells in deep glands of the glandular stomach and lamina propria in small intestine.Ghrelin immunopositive cells were mainly distributed in the single-layered columnar epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa,intestinal glands as well as the single-layered cuboidal epithelial cells in deep glands of the glandular stomach and lamina propia of intestine mucosa.8) The expression of TGF-β2 and Bax in liver of Buteo hemilasius and Asio otus. TGF-β2 and Bax immunopositive cell were found in liver of Buteo hemilasius and Asio otus.The immunoreactive product was shown as brown colored granules in the cytoplasm.Hepatocytes appeared TGF-β2 immunoreactivity,positive cells were detected in the hepatocytes and endothelial cells.Bax-protein-positive cells were detected in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and portal area in Asio otus liver,Light staining could be detected in the hepatocytes,but the most intense staining was in the central veins and interlobular vein.Conclusion1)Histological structure in the gastrointestinal tract of Buteo hemilasius is similar to other birds, compare with Asio otus, branchy and central chyle vessel were not been found in the intestine villus of Buteo hemilasius, the arrangement of muscular layer between the two is different.2) Diffrence of density of argentaffine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of Buteo hemilasius and Asio otus may be correlated with habitat, food habit, feeding mode, excrement activities and digestion.Argentaffine cells may have endocrine,solinocrine and paracrine functions,and solinocrine and paracrine functions is the main ways.3) Hepatic lobule in Asio otus is easier to distinguish,arrangemengt of hepatocyte is regularer than that of Buteo hemilasius.The number of mitochondrium,rough endopladmic reticulum,golgi body,glycogenlysosome in Buteo hemilasius liver is more than that of Asio otus,we concluded hepatocyte of Buteo hemilasius is activer than that of Asio otus.4) Bax-protein-positive cells were detected in gastrointestinal tract of Buteo hemilasius and Asio otus,It suggests that fasting might be harmful to stomach mucosa and intestinal mucosa. Bax protein participate apoptosis to maintain physiological equilibrium. Surface area density of Bax immunopositive cells in stomach is higher than intestine,It suggests that harm of fasting might be more serious in stomach.5) TGF-β2,TGF-β3 immunopositive cells were found in gastrointestinal tract of Buteo hemilasius and Asio otus,the expression of TGF-β2,TGF-β3 is different,it suggested TGF-β2,TGF-β3 participate restore of mucosa.6) The Ghrelin immunopositive cell was not found in muscular stomach because of fasting.The ghrelin immunopositive cell gradually decreased from the duodenum to the caecum,The expression of ghrelin is concern with the digestion function of gastrointestinal tract. It may control the growth and development in birds gastrointestinal tract .7) Expression of TGF-β2 is highest in endothelial cells.It is suggested injury may lead to expression of TGF-β2,inhibit proliferation of endothelial cells, induce endothelial cells apoptosis and blood vessel neogenesis.Bax-protein-positive cells were detected in the hepatocytes and portal area, fasting might be harmful to liver,injury induce cell apoptosis to maintain the equilibrium of organism. |
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