Study Of The Bacteria Diversity In The Gastrointestinal Tract Of Miniopterus Fuliginosus And Rhinolophus Ferrumequinum

Chiroptera is commonly known as bat,which has rich species and has a wide geographic distribution.With closely contacting with human,bat is a potential pathogen reservoir of zoonosis.Chinese have a tradition of using the bat body into medicine or as fertilizer.In recent years,many bats' caves were developed into tourist attractions,which increased the chances of people contacting with bats,resulting in some pathogens in bats adapted to the human body and then transmitted to humans.Bats have a large bacterial community in their gastrointestinal tract,thus,this study placed the bat's gastrointestinal tract as the best place to study the bacteria in bats.This study used the traditional cultivating separation technique,16 s rDNA sequence analysis technology and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technologies for the separation and identification of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of Miniopterus fuliginosus and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum.1.The results of the stomach and intestinal bacteria flora separated using traditional culture and 16 S rDNA sequence analysis technology were as follows.The bacteria isolated from the stomach of Miniopterus fuliginosus belong to three genera,namely Enterobacter,Raoultella and Enterococcus.The intestinal bacteria isolated from Miniopterus fuliginosus belong to 4 genera,Enterobacter,Providencia,Citrobacter and Lactococcus,respectively.The bacteria isolated from the stomach of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum were divided into 4 genera,namely Enterobacter,Klebsiella,Morganella and Enterococcus.The bacteria isolated in the intestinal tract of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum belong to 4 genera,namely Enterobacter,Raoultella,Enterococcus and Staphylococcus.2.The results of Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology showed that M.fuliginosus gastrointestinal bacteria mainly concentrated in the Proteobacteria and Firmicutes.R.ferrumequinum gastrointestinal bacteria mainly focused on Proteobacteria,Tenericutes and Firmicutes.The gastrointestinal tract bacteria in M.fuliginosus are mainly located in Oxalobacteraceae,Enterococcaceae,Streptococcaceae,Enterobacteriaceae.The main distribution of gastrointestinal bacteria in R.ferrumequinum is Pasteurellaceae,Oxalobacteraceae,Enterobacteriaceae,Mycoplasmataceae,Enterococca-ceae.M.fuliginosus in the gastrointestinal tract bacteria of the advantage genus bacterium Undibacterium,Enterococcus,Lactococcus,Staphylococcus,Vagococcus,Raoultella and Acinetobacter and other 13 genera(gastrointestinal samples have a bacteria content more than 1%).Advantage genus bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of R.ferrumequinum belong to 9 genera,namely Undibacterium,Actinobacillus,Enterococcus,Mycoplasma,Morganella(gastrointestinal samples have bacteria content more than 1%).Only 5 genuses in the stomach and intestinal flora composition of M.fuliginosus and R.ferrumequinum were common,while the others were different.The composition of stomach and intestinal flora in M.fuliginosus and R.ferrumequinum is related to the individual difference,while the composition of the stomach bacteria is relatively stable,which has little correlation with the differences among individuals.In terms of alpha diversity analysis,M.fuliginosus and R.ferrumequinum intestinal bacteria abundance and diversity are greater than in the stomach.M.fuliginosus and R.ferrumequinum are no significant differences between the stomach and intestinal sample.In terms of beta diversity analysis and sample clustering,the microflora structure of the M.fuliginosus and R.ferrumequinum is relatively high in evolution,while the microflora structure of the intestinal tract is relatively low.3.Some bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of M.fuliginosus and R.ferrumequinum are pathogenic bacteria or potential pathogens.This study isolated more than ten pathogenic bacteria genus from the two bats' gastrointestinal tracts,such as Enterobacter,Citrobacter,Klebsiella,Staphylococcus,Morganella,Lactococcus,Enterococcus,Actinobacillus,Acinetobacter.Therefore,we should try to reduce the contact with bats.In order to prevent the spread of the disease from bats to humans,the caves where bats live should be banned to develop tourism and the waters where bats often hang out should be avoided of bats live and feces pollution.