Extraction, Separation And Utilization Of Porcine Bone Nutrients

Protein and fat were extracted from porcine bone using boiling. Optimal extraction process were solid-liquid ratio 1:8, extraction temperature 100℃, extraction time 7.Oh, pH=8.0. Then protein was extracted using neutral proteinase, optimal extraction process were as follows:enzyme concentration was 1250U/g, pH was 6.50, temperature was 47.63℃, time was5.0h. After the second extraction, fat and protein of porcine bone were extaacted by and large.The process of refining of porcine bone oil was studied using crude porcine bone oil. First, hydrated degumming process were optimized, and then optimum technological parameter of neutralization process were determined by single-factor and orthogonal experiment methods, that is:concentrations of NaOH solution 5%, the amount of superbase is 25% of weight of oil, initial temperature of neutralization is 50℃, final temperature of neutralization is 75℃Finally, decolorization, deodorization and drying technology were determined. The results show that after the process of refining, porcine bone oil can be made into high quality edible oil. Then optimum process for preparing microencapsulation of porcine bone oil powder was determined, that is:the amount of solid content is 20% and the rate of core material between wall materials is 0.8:1.Porcine bone protein is hydrolyzed by neutral protease, flavourzyme and protamex to prepare hydrolyzed peptide. Optimal hydrolysis conditions as follows:The best conditions of neutral protease are temperature is 49.62℃, time is 5.Oh, pH is6.58, the enzyme amount is 3742.58u/g substrate; The best conditions of flavourzyme are temperature is 40.24℃, time is 5.3h, pH is 6.74, the enzyme amount is 4730.03u/g substrate; The best conditions of protamex are temperature is 50.74℃, time is 4.35h, pH is 6.57, the enzyme concentration is4438.16u/g substrate. By analyzing, the molecular-weight of hydrolyzed peptide focused on four narrow ranges. They are 10000-1000 Da,1000-800Da,600-450Da,400-300Da and 200-150Da.Finally, ultra-fine bone powder was prepared form bone residue using ultra-fine pulverizer. Optimum ultra-fine grinding process conditions are as follows:ultra-fine grinding pressure is 0.8MPa, pressure difference between grinding pressure and feed pressure is 0.2MPa, feed rate is 0.8g/s; Average particle size of bone powder is less than 20μm; The result of vitro digestive experiment shows, the smaller the bone powder is, dissolution rate of calcium is higher.