Special Morphology Of Precursor Route Synthesis Of Inorganic Oxides

In this paper, precursor route was used, combined with the inducement and chelation between metal ion and menstruum. Firstly, the inorganic oxides precursors with different morphology were synthesized by precursor route, and then a futher calcintion was used to obtain the inorganic oxides with the remained morphology (such as TiO₂ , NiO, MgO and NiTiO₃). Some characterization such as SEM,XRD,TG,FT-IR,TEM were used to character the product and the precursor. The growth mechanism of the obtained inorganic oxides was propounded by researching the precursor and the reaction process. The effect of morphology and its physical-chemistry characters was also researched through the characterization of the inorganic oxides. With the aim of our obtained inorganic oxides could be used in energy and environment materials, some physicalchemsitry characters were tested, for example, photocatalysis; dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC), supercapacitor and organic catalysis.The main content in this paper as follows:1. Tetra-n-butyl titanate (TBT) was used as titanium resource; ethylene glycol (EG) was used as chelation reagent and solvent. Three types of TiO₂ nanopillars (length, milldle, short) were synthesized by controlling the ratio of TBT and EG, at the ratio of TBT/EG=1/20, 1/40, 1/60. In order to improve of the crystallinity and stability, the nanopillar precursors were treat by ethylenediamine aqueous solution to protect nanopillar structure, restrain nanoparticles'growth and retard the phase transformation. Finally, calcine at the temperature as high as 700℃to form hierarchical anatase TiO₂ porous nanopillar. In addition, the dye-sensitized solar-cells (DSSCs) are assembled with sandwich structure photoanodes, which are composed of one middle layer of TiO₂ nanopillars between two layer TiO₂ nanoparticles. The photoelectrical measurement results show that the power conversion efficiency of DSSCs enhances with the increase of nanopillars'length and crystallinity.2. Nickel acetate was used as Ni resource; ethylene glycol (EG) was used as chelation reagent and solvent. Precursor route was used to obtain a NiO flake precursor.Then futher calcination was used to obtain porous NiO nanoflake. The product was charactered and some physicalchemistry characters were tested, such as supercapacitor and P-type DSSCs. The result showed that the obtained porous NiO nanoflake has a high specific capacitance and P-type DSSCs power conversion efficiency.3. MgCl 2 was used as magnesium resource, Na₂CO₃ was used as precipitator and revulsant, Firstly, MgCO₃·3H₂O nanopillar was synthesized using precursor route. A futher hydrothermal treatment was used to obtain a 3D flower like Mg₅ (CO₃)₄(OH)₂·4H₂O microsphere, Finally, MgO was obtained by calcining the Mg₅(CO₃)₄ (OH)₂·4H₂O microsphere. Some characterization such as XRD and SEM were used to research the possible mechanism, and the result show that the 3D flower like MgO microsphere have a fully assembly structure and large BET surface area which is good for the catalysis of the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction between benzaldehyde and acetophenone to synthesize chalcones.4. Tetra-n-butyl titanate (TBT) was used as titanium resource; nickel acetate was used as Ni resource; ethylene glycol (EG) was used as chelation reagent and solvent. NiTiO₃ nanorods with 5μm in length and 500 nm in diameter are firstly synthesized in room temperature and a further calcination. Character results show that the NiTiO₃ nanorods are accumulated by small particles with a rough surface and porous which are good for adsorption and superior to photocatalysis. The NiTiO₃ nanorods are observed a noticeable optical absorbance in the visible range by UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated in the degradation of nitrobenzene which was comment organic pollution in water.