| Making a deep study on the characteristics of the twin-embryo seedling rice with different chromosome sets after the somaclonal induction and ion implantation,it is helpful to make effectively genetic improvement for the twin-embryo seedling rice.These studides were made from the next four twin-embryo seedling rice materials:09-02-01 (the diploid),09-04-01(the corresponding autotetraploid),W09-02-01(the somaclonal induction lines),L09-04-01(the dwarf mutant lines after ion implantation).It was studied on the process of rice seeds somaclonal induction after the elymus DNA mediated by ion implantation;the permeability and the seedling growth conditions were investigated,and the effects on peroxidase (POD) activity, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity were researched after different dose of nitrogen ion beam were implanted into seeds of the twin-embryo seedlings rice with different chromosome sets; and the effects on the cold tolerance of rice buds was studied after ion implantation; It was researched on endosperm glutenin expression and endosperm protein content of the four twin-embryo seedling rice.The main results in the paper were included four parts as follows:1. Established the technical system of somaclonal induction after the elymus DNA mediated by ion implantation by studied the process of rice seeds somaclonal induction after the elymus DNA mediated by N+ ion implantation,and one more tillers mutant was filtered.24h-mediated processing and 2,4-D concentration of 2.5mg/L were good for callus induction of the twin-embryo seedling rice materials. Late in the callus induction light may improve the quality and differentiation of callus. In the process of callus subculture,MS medium could reduce the browning rate of callus for the twin-embryo seedling rice.The differentiation rate of the piled vaccination was higher than callus vaccination alone.2.The effects of N+ ion implantation on the permeability,the seedling growth and the enzyme activity of the twin-embryo seedling rice were significant. The results showed that the average increase in electrolyte leakage rate compared with the control of 09-04-01 was lower than 09-02-01 after ion implantation; the 09-02-01 seedling growth was good at 1.0×1017N+/cm2 implantation dose,and the 09-04-01 seedling growth was good at 3.0×1017N+/cm2 implantation dose. POD,SOD and CAT activity increased first with implantation dose and then decreased, however this trend showed some differences with different enzyme types.POD and SOD activity in 09-02-01 were the strongest at 1.0×1017N+/cm2 implantation and, POD and SOD activity in 09-04-01 were the strongest at 7.0×1017N+/cm2 implantation. The results suggested that a certain dose of nitrogen ion implantation could enhance synthesis of free radical scavenging enzyme to a certain extent, the effect was more significant with 09-04-01 than with 09-02-01.3.The effects of N+ ion implantation on the cold resistance of contemporary buds of the twin-embryo seedling rice were significant,but the extent of the effects was closely related to the dose of N+ ion plantation. The cold resistance of contemporary buds of 09-02-01 was improved at 1.0×1017N+/cm2 implantation dose,but the cold resistance was lowered at 2.0×1017N+/cm2 and 4.0×1017N+/cm2 implantation dose,so it is possible that the dose of ion implantation injuried the buds.For 09-04-01, the cold resistance was improved at 3.0×1017N+/cm2 implantation dose,but the others implantation dose increased damage for buds. The results suggested that a certain dose of nitrogen ion implantation could enhance the cold resistance of the buds of the twin-embryo seedling rice,but differenr chromosome sets material should choose different ion implantation dose.4.The endosperm protein content and the glutenin expression of the four twin-embryo seedling rice were differences. 09-04-01 endosperm gliadin and glutenin content was higher than 09-02-01, but in glutenin structure there was no significant difference between the two material. W09-02-01 in the endosperm glutenin content higher than 09-02-01, but gliadin and albumin,globulin contents were lower than 09-02-01, W09-02-01 in the endosperm gluten structure had the phenomenon ofβ-1 subunit deletion mutation; L09-04-01 albumin and globulin content higher than the 09-04-01 but the gliadin and glutenin content of less than 09-04-01, in the gluten endosperm expression, L09-04-01 had the phenomenon of a-3 subunit deletion mutation. The results suggested that clones induced and N+ ion implantation could improve the nutritional quality of the twin-embryo seedling rice endosperm protein. |
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