| This paper has been based mostly on the tree body structures, fruiting characteristics and nutritional components of the Qinghuajiao(Z armatum DC Prodr) in the Jinyang, E'mei and Hongya county; which were 3 major producing areas of Qinghuajiao and Hanyuan as a minor in Sichuan province. We can provides the theory basis for the high yield and introduction conditions of Qinghuajiao by according to the survey on the tree body structures and fruiting characteristic; and analysising nutrients. Meanwhile, we analysied the factors which maybe influenced the fruiting characteristics and qualites.The important results were as following:(1)The thee-like sharp is used to natural crown round-shaped, which both Jinyang and Hongya (at age7).The tree truck has main body or lacking a single trunk; and the height of the tree is about 3.0-5.0 m, the crown size is about 22-45 m2 The ratio that vegetative branch is higher at 10-20% in the began results period than the period of results. The length and quantity of results mother branches are positively correlated with the Qinghuajiao production in the same year.(2) We found that Jinyang belongs to dry and hot valley of Jinshajiang River, while E'mei is a sub-tropical moist monsoon climate by comparing the growth environment conditions of Qinghuajiao. In Jinyang, the mean annual temperature is 21-13℃, the rainfall is 800mm and the annual sunshine is 1600h; while in E'mei the mean annual temperature is 16℃, the rainfall is 1555mm and the annual sunshine is 770h.But phenophase is difference in different climate zone. We found the blooming time of Qinghuajiao was in the middle of March in Jinyang and was 7 days late than E'mei tengjiao. The stage of commodity was in the middle of August and ripe was mid-to-late October, which both were 30 days late than E'mei tengjiao by observing. Qinghuajiao has strong ability to adapt to the environment. (3) The fruits shape of Qinghuajiao was close to circle, the average of length and breadth is 5.606mm×5.071mm; the 100 grain of fresh weight of content 7.143-9.488 g. Both origins and years have some impact on 100 grain of fresh weight of content with Qinghuajiao.100 grain of fresh weight of content with E'mei tengjiao was highest with 9.488 g, and the lowest was Jinyang with 7.540 g in 2009. In 2010,100 grain of fresh weight of content with Hongya tengjiao was highest with 9.474g, and the lowest was Hanyuan with 7.143 g.The contents has big differences between 2009 and 2010 in those origins.(4) When the drying temperature was 50℃, the drying rate of Hanyuan Qinghuajiao was the best,4.52:1, The worst was Hongya tengjiao,5.65:1.The water content of Qinghuajiao in Hongya is more than that in Hanyuan.(5) It has best quality, when the contents of volatilization oil of Qinghuajiao are greater than 4g/100g, the contents of non-volatile ether extract are greater than 8g/100g by the Prickly ash industry standard.Qinghuajiao in the 4 origins, Jinyang, E'mei, Hanyuan and Hongya were belong to the best. The contents of volatilization oil of Jinyang Qinghuajiao (dried) was 14.1 lg/1OOg; and the contents of non-volatile ether extract was 12.32 g/1OOg, both that were the highest in the 4 origins.Evaluated the qualities of the Qinghuajiao in the 4 origins comprehensively by the appearance and nutritional components, Jinyang Qinghuajiao was best, followed by Hanyuan, E'mei and Hongya. |
PDF Full Text Request