Karyotypes And Genetic Variations In 9 Species Of Lilium

The plants of Lilium L. in Liliaceae are well-known bulb flowers which have great ornamental value. In this paper,8 species of Lilium (L. rosthornii, L. taliense, L. duchartrei, L. davidii, L. regale, L. bakerianum, L.lophophorum, L. leucanthum) and 7 populations of L.sargentiea (Jinfoshan, Tianquan, Wenchuan, Emei luomu, Emei longchi, Yaan, Luding) from Sichuan and its adjacent areas were taken as samples for karyotype diversity analysis. The main results are as follows:1. The chromosomes of 8 species of Lilium were large, all of these 8 species were diploid, x=12. The karyotype formula were 2n=2x=24=4m(4SAT)+4sm+6st(2SAT)+10t, 3A in L. rosthornii,2n=2x=24=2m (2SAT)+4sm+6st+12t,3B in L. taliense,2n=2x=24=4m (2SAT)+6t+14t,3B in L. duchartrei,2n=2x=24=4m (2SAT)+6st+14t (2SAT),3A in L. davidii,2n=2x=24=2m (2SAT)+2sm (2SAT)+8st+12t,3B in L. regale,2n=2x=24=2m (2SAT)+2sm+10st+8t+2T,3B in L. bakerianum,2n=2x=24=2m+2sm+18st+2t,3A in L. lophophorum,2n=2x=24=2m (2SAT)+2sm+4st+14t (2SAT)+2T,3A in L. leucanthum.2. The karyotypes of 8 species of Lilium in this paper had a rich diversity. There are obvious differences in the composition of chromosomes, the number of satellite chromosomes and their distribution, and existence of the B chromosome.(1) 8 species in lilium contained different types of chromosomes. L. duchartrei and L. davidii had three types of chromosomes, median regionchromosome, subterminal region chromosome, and terminal region chromosome. L. rosthornii, L.taliense, L. regale, L. lophophorum contained 4 types of chromosomes, namely median regionchromosome, submedian region chromosome, subterminal region chromosome, and terminal region chromosome. L. leucanthum, L. bakerianum included 5 types of chromosomes, median regionchromosome, submedian region chromosome, subterminal region chromosome, terminal region chromosome, and terminal point chromosome.(2) The number and distribution of satellite chromosomes of 8 species in lilium were diversity. Except L. lophophorum, the other 7 species in Lilium had the satellite chromosomes with the number ranging from 2 to 8. The satellite chromosomes were found on the first, second, forth, seventh, eighth, ninth pairs of chromosomes. The frequency of satellites being on the first pair of chromosomes was high. L. lophophorum, L. duchartrei and L. bakerianum from the higher altitude areas had less secondary constriction, while Emei luomu population, Jinfoshan population of L. sargentiea from lower altitude areas appered more secondary constriction.(3) The B chromosome existed in the 8 species of lilium. In the 8 psecies of Lilium, B chromosomes were found only in L. duchartrei, and the number was 2.3. In the nuclear-cluster tree based on karyotype features,8 species of Lilium were classified to two groups. The first group included L. rosthornii, L. regale and L. lophophorum while the second group included L. taliense, L. duchartrei, L. bakerianum, L. leucanthum and L. davidii. The result suggested that there was no apparent relation between morphology and karyotype in Lilium.4. The As.K% of 8 species of Lilium was 79.38% in L. rosthornii,82.40% in L. taliense,82.43% in L. duchartrei,83.36% in L. davidii,80.14% in L. regale,81.99% in L. bakerianum,79.15% in L. lophophorum,83.46% in L. leucanthum. The evolution degree of these 8 species of Lilium was as follows:L. luecanthum>L. davidii>L. duchartrei>L. taliense>L. bakerianum>L. regale>L. rosthornii>L. lophophorum.5. There were rich genetic variations in karyotypes of 7 populations of Lilium sargentiea.(1) The karyotype formula of 7 populations of L. sargentiea were:2n=2x=24=2m (2SAT)+2sm+6st (2SAT)+14t (SAT),3A in Jinfoshan population; 2n=2x=24=4m (2SAT)+6st (2SAT)+14t,3B in Tianquan population; 2n=2x=24=2m+2sm (2SAT) +6st+14t (3SAT),3A in Wenchuan population; 2n=2x=24=2m (2SAT)+2sm+4st (4SAT) +14t(2SAT)+2T,3B in Emei luomu population; 2n=2x=24=4m(2SAT)+2sm+8st(2SAT) +10t,3B in Emei longchi population; 2n=2x=24=4m (2SAT)+10st+6t+4T,3B in Yaan population; 2n=2x=24=2m (2SAT)+2sm+8st (2SAT)+10t+2T,3B in Luding population.(2).The karyotype asymmetry (As.K%) of 7 populations of L. sargentiea was 84.21% in Jinfoshan population; 82.21% in Tianquan population; 84.64% in Wenchuan population; 85.54% in Emei luomu population; 80.43% in Emei longchi population; 81.62% in Yaan population; 81.67% in Luding population. Based on the As.K%, we can concluded that the evolution degree of 7 populations of L. sargentiea was as follows:Emei luomu population >Wenchuan population>Jinfoshan population>Tianquan population>Luding population> Yaan population>Emei longchi population.(3) According to the nuclear-cluster tree with karyotype features,7 populations of L. sargentiea were classified to two groups. The first group included Jinfoshan population, Wenchuan population and Emei luomu population. The second group included Tianquan population, Yaan population, Luding population and Emei longchi population. The populations from the same areas were classified into one group, indicating the close relationship among these populations. However, the Emei luomu population and Emei longchi population, which came from the same area, was clustered into different groups. The genetic variation between the two Emei populations of L. sargentiea need further studied.