Technology Of Triticale Haploid Induced By Maize Pollen And Genetic Of Haploid Induction Rate

Haploid breeding is a powerful tool to enhance breeding process and improve breeding efficiency. And anther or pollen culture is mainly applied in traditional haploid breeding. However, the complex process and higher frequency of colonel variation make anther or pollen culture quite difficult in large scales application. It is simple and feasible to obtain wheat haploid induced by maize pollen. The present study is aimed to establish the technology of triticale haploid induced by maize pollen, and understand genetic of haploid induction rate. This study will provide some theoretical basis's for an efficient triticale breeding technology.Some winter and spring triticale genotypes were induced by four methods, A:maize pollen and chemicals (induced by maize pollen and sprayed with DMSO 40ml/L, COL 4g/L, Inositol 100mg/L, IAA 20mg/L and 2,4-D 20mg/L); B:chemicals (DMSO 40ml/L, COL 4g/L, Inositol 100mg/L, IAA 20mg/L and 2,4-D 20mg/L); C:maize pollen and hormone (induced by maize pollen, then sprayed with 100mg/L 2, 4-D and 30ml/L DMSO); D:hormone only (100mg/L 2,4-D and 30ml/L DMSO). The effects of haploid embryos rescuing medium, maize genotype and triticale genotype on haploid embryo induction were also studied to establish the technology of inducing triticale haploid by maize pollen. Through the complete 6×6 diallel crossing between 6 triticale varieties with different haploid embryo frequency, the combination ability, genetic effect, heterosis of haploid embryo frequencies of parent's heritability and genetic correlation of F1 offspring were analyzed.The main results were as follows:1. Induction by maize pollen and hormone is the best means among the four methods to induce triticale haploid embryo for 6.65% haploid embryos, which is higher than the other 3 methods in this experiment.2. Haploid embryo could be induced by maize pollen and chemicals in most triticale genotypes. However, the triticale haploid induction rates varied among different genotypes. The triticale genotype 07H261-62/NTH2146-2 is the best one with higher induction rate haploid embryo. The induction rates of haploid embryo differentiate significantly among different types of maize too, and waxy corn is the best one among the three maize types tested in the experiment.3. There is no significant difference on 1/2 MS and modified B5 mediums when rescuing haploid embryos in general. However, some triticale genotype prefers one of the two mediums. So different triticale genotypes should be supplied with different embryo rescue medium in the experiment.4. Frequencies of haploid embryo mainly inherited with additive effect based on analysis of genetic effect of triticale haploid embryo formation, and the additive dominant genetic model was suitable for all parameters tested in the experiment. Frequencies of caryopsis, embryo of caryopsis and germination inherited with additive and dominative effect. The induction rate of haploid embryo has a stronger heterosis and higher heritability, which supply some theory basis for selecting F1 combinations with higher induction rate in the triticale haploid breeding.The study establish the technology of triticale haploid breeding by induction with maize pollen, and supply a understand of its quantitative inherited characteristics of induction rates. The results will give some theoretical direction for triticale breeding.