Effects Of Plant Additives On Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Meat Quality, Serum Biochemical Indexes And Non-specific Immunity Of The Mirror Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.)

This trial was investigated the effects of garlic stem, oregano leaf and glossy privet fruit on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, meat quality, serum biochemical indexes and non-specific immunity of the mirror carp(Cyprinus carpio L.) to provide a theoretical reference for the full development and utilization of new additives in the application of aquatic animals.The first part of this trial is a total of seven treatment groups: G1 was control group, G2 added 10mg/kg Flavomycin, G3, G4 added 0.5% and 2.5% garlic stem powder respectively, G5, G6 added 0.1% and 0.5% oregano leaf powder respectively, G7 added 0.5% garlic stem powder and 0.5% garlic stem powder. Each treatment had 3 replicates of 10 fish with initial body weight (201.45±16.25)g. The feeding trail was conducted for 8 weeks. Water temperature was 24℃and dissolved oxygen was5.5-6.5mg/L. The results showed: 1) Compared with G1 and G2, specific growth rate and weight gain rate of G3 was increased, feed conversion rate of G3 was reduced significantly (P<0.05); the efficiency of the protein of G3, G4 garlic group and G5, G6 oregano group was increased significantly (P<0.05). 2)Compared with G1, hepatopancreas protease and lipase, foregut and midgut protease activity of G3 was increased significantly (P<0.05); protease activity of G4 was increased in hepatopancreas significantly (P<0.05); intestinal amylase and lipase activity of G5, G6, G7 were higher than of G1,G2 significantly (P<0.05). 3)Compared with G1, TP, ALB and GLB of G3, G6 and G7 were increased significantly(P<0.05); CHOL, ALT and AST of G2 were reduced significantly(P<0.05).4) Compared with G1, SOD activity of G3, G4 and G6 was increased in hepatopancreas significantly(P<0.05); MDA of G3 and G4 was reduced in serum significantly (P<0.05), MDA of G5 and G6 was reduced in hepatopancreas significantly(P<0.05), but SOD activity of the garlic and oregano test groups was inhibited in serum significantly(P<0.05), there was no significant difference with SOD activity and MDA of each test group in muscle (P>0.05). 5) Compared with G1, the lysozyme activity of G5, G6 and G7 was increased in spleen significantly (P<0.05), the lysozyme activity of G3, G4 and G5, G6 was increased in serum significantly (P<0.05); the serum C3, C4 of G3 and G5 were increased significantly (P<0.05), the renal lysozyme of the test groups was no difference significantly (P>0.05). 6) Compared with G1, the crude protein of the fish muscle in G3 and G4 was increased significantly (P<0.05), the crude protein was increased and the crude ash was reduced of muscle in G5 and G6 significantly (P<0.05). The water-holding capacity of muscle in G4 and G7 was increased significantly (P<0.05).The second part of this trial was a total of five trial treatment groups: A was control group, B added 50mg/kg allicin, C, D, E added 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% glossy privet fruit powder respectively. Each treatment had 3 replicates of 10 fish with initial body weight (125.55±19.14) g. The feeding trail was conducted for 12 weeks. Water temperature was 24℃and dissolved oxygen was5.5-6.5mg/L. The results showed: 1) Compared with A group, final weight, specific growth rate and weight gain rate of C,D,E groups were decreased significantly (P<0.05); amylase activity in foregut of C and E groups were increased significantly (P<0.05); TP, GLB, ALB, ALT of E group were increased significantly (P<0.05); the water retention ability in muscle of C, D, E groups was decreased significantly (P<0.05), the nutritional composition of muscle among all groups were no difference significantly (P>0.05).2)Compared with A group, the spleen index of C group was decreased (P<0.05), SOD activity in hepatopancreas of E group was decreased significantly(P<0.05), but the SOD activity was increased and the MDA was decreased in muscle of C, D, E groups significantly(P<0.05). There was no significant difference with LZM in spleen, serum and hepatopancreas(P>0.05).Conclusion: the digestive enzyme activity, serum protein level, crude protein of muscle, non-specific immunity in serum and hepatopancreas of carp could be increased by adding 0.5%, 2.5% garlic stem, the growth performance could be increased by adding 0.5% garlic stem in carp feed; growth performance could not be increased but hepatopancreas digestive enzyme activity, meat quality, non-specific immunity in serum and hepatopancreas of carp could be improved by adding 2.5% garlic stem in carp feed. The growth performance could not be increased but foregut digestive enzyme activity, serum protein level, crude protein and non-specific immunity in serum, spleen, hepatopancreas of carp could be improved by adding 0.1% or 0.5% oregano leaf in feed. The growth performance and meat quality could not be increased but foregut amylase activity, serum protein level, and antioxidant capability in muscle of carp could be improved by adding 0.5% to 1.5% glossy privet fruit in feed.