Study Of Influence On Yield And Fruit Quality Of Different Tree Canopy Shapes Crown Characteristics

In this research, 11 years old'Fuji'tall spindle apple tree, freedom spindle apple tree and open center apple tree were used as experimental materials. The canopy was divided into inner and outer horizontally, as well as top, middle and bottom vertically. The shoot numbers, crown characteristics, leaf quality, photosynthetic characters, fruit yield and quality were measured. The crown characteristics, photosynthetic characters, fruit yield and quality were investigated with the experimental material of 11 years old'Fuji'apple of different crown. The 5 years old'Fuji'low connect apple trees were used as experimental materials, whose shoot numbers, crown characteristics and fruit yield were measured. The main conclusions obtained were as follows:1 Research on crown characteristics, yield and fruit quality of different apple tree shapesTotal shoots of tall spindle apple tree were 799/plant, 1140000/hm~2. The proportion of long shoots, medium shoots and spur shoots was 11:9:80. Total shoots of freedom spindle apple tree were 966/plant, 920000/hm~2. The proportion of long shoots, medium shoots and spur shoots was 17:9:74. Total shoots of open center apple tree were 593/plant, 565000/hm~2. The proportion of long shoots, medium shoots and spur shoots was 37:6:57. So branch distribution of tall spindle apple tree was much more reasonable than freedom spindle apple tree and open center apple tree.The group crown volume of freedom spindle apple tree was 11381 m~3/hm~2, the group crown volume of tall spindle apple tree was 10071 m~3/hm~2, the group crown volume of open center apple tree was 8619 m~3/hm~2. The DIFN of tall spindle apple tree was higher than freedom spindle apple tree and open center apple tree. Leaf quality and outer leaf net photosynthetic rate showed the same trend: tall spindle apple tree> open center apple tree > freedom spindle apple tree. But inner leaf net photosynthetic rate showed another trend: open center apple tree > tall spindle apple tree> freedom spindle apple tree.Yield per unit area of three shape apple tree were 56428.6kg/hm~2, 43523.8kg/hm~2, 28952.4kg/hm~2. The fruit quality of tall spindle apple tree and open center apple tree was basically identical. The fruit quality of freedom spindle apple tree was relatively worse. 2 Research on crown characteristics, yield and fruit quality of tall spindle apple tree under different crownWhen crown increased from 1.8m to 2.6m, crown volume increased from 4.31m~3/plant to 5.10m~3/plant, leaf density increased from 2.63/m to 4.15/m, DIFN decreased from 13.9% to 10.3%. Outer and inner net leaf photosynthetic rate increased and transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased with crown increased. When crown was 2.4m and 2.6m, yield per unit area were 55857.1kg/hm~2 and 55285.7kg/hm~2, whose yield is maximum. Fruit mass, soluble solids and titratable acidity was higher when crown was 2.6m. And fruit coloration was better when crown was 2.4m.3 Research on structure, yield and fruit quality of low connect apple treesAfter young apple tree was grafted 5 years in high density planting orchard, total shoots of tall spindle apple tree were 780/plant. The proportion of long shoots, medium shoots and spur shoots was 14:10:76. Total shoots of freedom spindle apple tree were 548/plant. The proportion of long shoots, medium shoots and spur shoots was 24:8:68. Total shoots of open center apple tree were 354/plant. The proportion of long shoots, medium shoots and spur shoots was 22:7:71. The crown volume of freedom spindle apple tree was 6.75 m~3/plant. The crown volume of open center apple tree was 6.05 m~3/plant. The crown volume of tall spindle apple tree 4.80 m~3/plant. The DIFN of three tree shape was 14.1%, 11.9% and 7.8%. The DIFN of open center apple tree was maximum and freedom spindle apple trees'was minimum. The leaf density showed the trend: freedom spindle apple trees> tall spindle apple tree> open center apple tree.Yield per unit area of three shape apple tree were 27473kg/hm~2, 21312kg/hm~2 and 15984kg/hm~2. Fruit mass of tall spindle apple tree was relatively large. Fruit coloration of tall spindle apple tree and open center apple tree was better. The soluble solids of tall spindle apple tree and open center apple tree was higher than freedom spindle apple trees'.