| Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), which has high nutritional value, is one of the world's most important vegetables. In order to solve the problem of lack of feasible soilless cultivation system for tomato in the current greenhouse production, this thesis focused on researching and developing new substrate mini culture system(SMCS), effects of environment factors (temperature, light, water content and matrix) and management of cultivation (irrigation methods and density) on the yield and quality of tomato. Totally, it aims to clearify the mechanism and optimizing cultivation system, providing the technical support for practical production and data reference for the digital and precision tomato cultivation in greenhouse.The main results were followed: 1. A new-style substrate mini cultivation system (SMCS) was developed and was applied to tomato production. The substrate thickness was reduced to 12 cm and substrate dosage for per plant was reduced to 1.63 L with this system. According to the experiments in 2010 and 2011, we could find that SMCS get better results not only on growth and development, but also yield and quality. Compared with potted plants(21L), the system can save up 222% of the substrate and 40 to 67% of water.2. Effects of different irrigation methods and planting density on growth, fruit yield and quality of tomato were studied in the condition of mini cultivation. Results showed that stem diameter and leaf area of those plants watered by Filtration irrigation were significantly higher than that in drip irrigation, chlorophyll content slightly above the plant of drip irrigation; underground parts of plants in low density, such as root volume and surface area gave a better performance than those in high density. Plants of low density and filtration irrigation with the biggest weight (185.62g) of single fruit per plant also had the largest yield (706.86g). Meanwhile, its fruit qualities such as the sugar content and sugar-acid rate were higher than any other. The largest yield (60.81t) per hectare was got in treatment of low density and filtration irrigation. Compared with potting plant, aboveground parts of the plants in mini pot and its fruit quality were better. The difference in dry matter partitioning between the two pot-systems was significant. Compared with growing in potting, together with fruit yields and quality, the advantageous method for production is cultivation in mini pot integrated with filtration irrigation and reasonable close planting based on low density (5.2 plants/m2).3. Effects of different cultivation system, planting density and irrigation methods on the photosynthetic characteristics and tomato yield were studied. Results showed that: the secquence of four photosynthesis curves of light intensity was: SFL > SDL > SFH > PDL, and yields had direct correlativity with maximum photosynthetic efficiency (P < 0.01). The secquence of four treatments with light saturation point was SFL > SFH > SDL > PDL, while the secquence of four treatments with light compensation point was PDL > SFH > SDL > SFL. Photosynthetic accumulative value and transpiration accumulative value got to the peak in treatment SFL. Daily change of Ci appeared as U type curve (SFL > SDL > SFH > PDL) while the daily change of Ls totally different from Ci's (PDL > SFH > SDL > SFL). The possible reason was that mesophyll cells of SFL plants in photosynthetic capacity were better than the other treatments due to the appropriate root temperature. Therefore, photosynthetic capacity and output of tomatos planted in mini root cultivation system with low density and infiltrating irrigation were better than others. In addition, the highest water use efficiency was got in treatment PDL. People could improve water use efficiency by reducing water amount and irrigation times in mini root cultivation system.4. The model for LAI, dry matter producing and partitioning was built based on data of different cultivation systems, irrigation methods, densities, and compared the simulated and measured results among 4 treatments. The results showed that the model could simulate tomato LAI and dry matter distribution appropriately under different treatments and the correlation coefficients were all more than 0.9. LAI was closely related to plant growth rate and final yield. The sequence of 4 treatments in LAI, total dry matter accumulation and fruit dry matter accumulation and relative growth rates was the same: SFH > SFL > SDL > PDL. Through the comparison between different treatments, we found LAI, dry matter production and distribution of tomatos planted in mini root cultivation system with high density and infiltrating irrigation were better than others. It could provide theory basis in reasonable density irrigation methods for factory production of tomato. |
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