| In recent years, Hunan Province setting off the highway as the leading infrastructure construction frenzy, accompanied by considerable ecological restoration and protection work. High ecological harmony, to build a highway and the echoes of the surrounding landscape, ecological harmony with the beauty of the same landscape, Hunan Expressway Construction and Development of a pursuit. Intercity three cities of Chang sha-Zhuzhuo-Xiangtan connected region is an important eco-regions, during various connecting highway like a thread, play a basic function on the Construction of Changsha-Zhuzhuo-Xiangtan material synthesis and on the energy conversion.is also a good ecological environment and sustainable framework of life support. The combination of Changsha-Zhu-Tan"Two type Society" pilot area for work, better and faster construction of inter-city highway transportation network is another opportunity for ecological construction.In this paper, the theoretical framework of landscape ecology, restoration ecology and road area combining ecology, analysis of highway construction on landscape ecology, select the section of Chang-Zhu-Tan and the typical high-speed inter-city as research subjects, respectively, from the size of the scale Selected sections of analysis and the results of the analysis of vegetation landscape pattern optimization and exploration aspects of landscape construction.Selected section of the Changsha-Xiangtan West Expressway,the Beijing-Zhuhai (Chang-Tan) Expressway and ChangZhu Expressway for large scale landscape pattern analysis section, the use of TM images and topographic maps of Hunan Province of 1:1 million, the study area was divided into 8 Class landscape types:cultivated land, forest, garden, shrub, water, transportation land, residential land and unused land, then use of Arcgis9.2 type of landscape to map out plans. Basic data obtained, and then with Fragstats 3.3 software, mainly from the pattern of the overall features of the landscape level, to do comparative analysis of horizontal and found that the overall landscape along the two sections at this stage tend to diversify, homogenization, fragmentation direction. In the same area of the interception of circumstance, the beijing-zhuhai long pool than the other three segments the maximum number of plaque patch sections of the area between larger and larger, the biggest gap smaller patches index that beijing-zhuhai long pool period; comparative broken along landscape The shape of patch index and diversity index is bigger, explain the shape of patch more irregular and overall, the landscape pattern reflects severity by JingZhu-ChangTan> Chang-Tan west> ChangZhu strains that also from the side reflects the longer opening by the greater human impact.Meanwhile in view of the present ecological landscape environment of highway extent of damage and restored effect of lack of quantitative evaluation based on expressway, the landscape pattern and the influence of ecological process, through expert consultation and previous material summary, select vegetation, soil and water loss and soil conditions and highway disasters has great influence on ecological environment and easy to quantitative index analysis, this paper discusses the quantitative evaluation highway ecological landscape environmental damage and restore effect methods.Through the evaluation found changzhutan regional highway overall ecological landscape environment is good and a rising trend, plus the ecological restoration techniques and measures later the application of ecological environment, expressway will be a large degree of restoration and improvement.Select a small scale in theChang-Xiang Expressway to native vegetation survey of selected types of non-repetition of the 15 plots are:evergreen broadleaf forest community in Castanopsis forest; Bai Donglin evergreen and deciduous forest communities, Sassafras Maple Lin Dongqing community; Bamboo community; temperate coniferous forest of pine, fir communities; bamboo,shrubs shrub communities have, shrubs Dicranopteris linearis, Imperata cylindrical, Miscanthus grass communities; and forest have tea forest, chestnut and other forest communities. Community structure on the plots are generally within the stratified structure of the tree layer is dominated by a few dominant species, the natural distribution of species of shrub layer 3-5 species of herb layer species of the natural distribution of species are 3-8, and the general height of herb layer In the 10-25cm or so, the cluster population often has patchy distribution, large number of individuals, community basically at the stage of secondary succession.At the same time high-speed in Chang-Zhu lines under the jurisdiction of the range of the Green Section of the greening of the vegetation period of investigation selected from various forms of environmentally sensitive sites and plant selection of green position, Chang-Zhu line of high-speed optimization of the greening of vegetation out of the adaptability plant species, the basic standard of the ecological habits of plants to adapt to a particular highway district environmental conditions of each function, becoming a pioneer species of vegetation restoration. But also exposed the limited types of repeated cross-use, causing the road to some extent become homogeneous vegetation landscape area, and community-level structure is relatively simple, Joe-shrub-grass layer structure is not prominent, with not all species make reasonable.From the analysis results obtained based on the ecological landscape of the highway in development. Firstly, the characteristics of landscape pattern analysis based on the light patch of landscape ecology-corridor-matrix model, proposed by the optimization of the landscape measures. Then combined with ecological function zoning, the study area road and road within the extraterritorial native vegetation in environmentally sensitive points of the green vegetation in development. Strengthen ecological landscape construction process is the key to the maintenance of the landscape and should be suitable tree on the suitable place, to play the advantages of native vegetation, respect for nature, to adapt to nature, to imitate nature in order to achieve low input, high return, and ultimately ecological Road Area Optimization of the landscape. |
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