Study On Precise Management Of Soil Nutrients In Collective Management System In Farm

In this research, a rice production area of Jiangchuan farm in collective contract management system in Heilongjiang province was selected as the experimental area. Soil nutrient spatial variability characteristics in this study area, spatial relationship among soil nutrient contents, crop yields and topography, and crop response to site-specific balanced fertilization were studied using information technology, such as GIS and GPS, and geo-statistics. This will give scientific bases to develop site-specific nutrient management techniques within fields suitable to Chinese status of collective contract management system. The main results obtained are summarized as follows:1. This research took 128 samples of plough layer soils by 200 meter gridding, and determined macroelement, midlle-element, microelement content of soils, spatial variability of soil nutrients in the rice production area of Jiangchuan Farm under the collective contract management system was evaluated using traditional statistics and geo-statistics. The result indicated the average pH was 5.30 on Jiangchuan Farm in Heilongjiang province, the organic matter was 2.52 per cent, the available nitrogen was 112.3 milligram per litre, the available phosphorus was 18.2, the available potassium was 69.8, the available sulphur was 44.0, the available zinc was 1.92, the available boron was 1.19. According to ASI evaluation methodology, the soil of lack nitrogen was 45.3 per cent on the farm, lack phosphorus was 76.6 per cent, lack potassium was 91.4 per cent, lack sulphur was 3.1 per cent, lack zinc was 72.7 per cent, lack boron was 35.9 per cent. The total trend was lack nitrogen and potassium, phosphorus and zinc was moderate, boron and sulphur was abundant. When We use nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers by balance, We should suitably replenish microelement zinc and boron, in order to eliminate soil nutrient limiting factors, to reach the purpose of high yield, quality and efficiency.2. Crop yield level relates to fertilization level. Fertilizer average use level was basic moderate, but the difference among farmers was more. High fertilizer use level was 675 to 916.5 kilogram per hectare, about 29.0 per cent; middle fertilizer use level was 450 to 577.5 kilogram per hectare, about 21.0 per cent; low fertilizer use level was 150 to 435 kilogram per hectare, about 50.0 per cent. The farmers of rice high yield were about 42.1 per cent, we analyse this from fertilization, fertilizer input is more high, the proportion of nitrogen and potassium is more high; the farmers of middle-low yield were about 57.9 per cent. The reasonable matching between fertilizer use level and element should more adjust, this is emphasis content of balanced fertilization.3. Balanced fertilization technology is important penetration of fertilization technology. The preparation by screening of balanced fertilization formula is first question solved in local condition. In order to confirm the reasonable matching between fertilizer use level and element, we carried out rice high yield efficiency nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium appropriate use level experimental study. The result indicated different nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium use level could increased obviously the index of the number of productive ear, plant height, fringe length, fringe grain count, thousand seed weight, etc. and promoted growth and development of rice, and increased rice yield.Site-specific management balanced fertilization technology is a new type management technique, is combinative by nutrient precise management theory and balanced fertilization technology, it can obviously increase fertilizer utilization ratio, and increase crop yield and management standards, can decrease threaten to the ecological environment, and produce greater economic, social, ecological benefit. This study put forward the rice high yield and high efficiency management technique under the collective contract management system, it is on the basis of soil nutrient spacial variation on jiangchuan farm, and carried out field experiments. The result indicated Site-specific management balanced fertilization technology is optimized and reasonable. Compare with the custom fertilization, the plant height of rice increased 2.0 centimeter averagely, the fringe length of rice increased 1.3 centimeter averagely, the number of rice increased 1.1 per hole averagely, the grain of rice increased 6.6 per fringe averagely, empty rate reduced averagely 4.3 per cent, and thousand seed weight increased 0.4 gram averagely, the yield increased 855 kilogram per hectare averagely, increased 12.7 per cent averagely.