Studies On Relationship Between Group Structure And Yield And Quality Of Rice In Reclamation Area Of Heilongjiang

Food safety was not only the three largest crisis problem in the world, but also the most importantproblem in China. Rice was the main food crop, more than65%of our population depends on rice forfood. As the living standards and international trade improve, the higher requirements of quality on ricewas also put forward. At present, the population of our country continues to grow. The urgent problemto solve was how to produce more quality rice in the limited land. High quality and yield can berealized through improving varieties, cultivation, fertilization, water management, optimizing the groupetc. But through the colony optimization was the most efficient,economical and effective measure.Adopted split plot design, with seeding rate and transplanting density as variable quantity,theexperiments of densit y factors on rice population structure, yield and quality were conducted by usingBeizhu2,Zhonglongxiang1,Changxiang2,Longyang16as the planting materials,in order to improvethe rice yield and quality of Heilongjiang province which was located in the cold areas.The resultsindicated that:1. The Leaf age of B3M1of Zhonglongxiang1and Longyang16were significantly higher than thecontrol while leaf age was up to maximum. Different treatments had no significantly effects on theplant height,the two varieties had high density stem number,,they were significantly higher than thecontrol while stems number was stable. Two varietal tillering into spike rate was influenced bytransplanting density, but they had Different Regular. Ear-bearing Percentage of Tillers of M1onZhonglongxiang1was lower than that of M2and M3processing, M3treatment of Longyang16wassignificantly lower than M1and M2.2. The leaf area index, dry matter yield and quality were negatively correlated of Zhonglongxiang1in different periodsLeaf area index, dry matter weight of treatment of B3M1in each period of weresignificantly lower than those of the control. The leaf area index, dry matter yield and quality werepositive correlation of Longyang16in different periods. The leaf area index, dry matter weight oftreatment of B3M3in each period were significantly higher than control.3. The two species had larger SPAD value for sparse planting, In the B3M1treatment,Zhonglongxiang1had the top leaf nitrogen content, Longyang16had the top leaf nitrogen content atthe treatment of B1M1, different treatment has great influence on light transmittance of full headingstage of Zhonglongxiang1and Longyang16. Zhonglongxiang1had the highest light transmittancewhen high sowing and maximizing transmittance,but Longyang16was opposite. Transmittance ofZhonglongxiang1was positively correlated with yield, transmittance of Longyang16was negativecorrelation with yield. Effects of different treatment on Photosynthetic indexes of two varieties werelittle, B3M3had the highest net photosynthetic rate.4. Beizhu2secondary branch of empty grain weight as handle B3M1lowest and was a significantnegative correlation with yield; Zhonglongxiang1secondary branch of empty grain weight as handleB3M3highest and showed a significant positive correlation with yield; Changxiang2Primary branchesof filled grains,Filled grain weight and secondary branch of filled grain weight are all as handle B3M3highest,and reached a level of significant or very significant to the correlation with yield; Longyang16 primary branches of filled grains,Filled grain weight and secondary branch of filled grain weight areall as handle B3M3best and showed a significant or very significant positive correlation with yield. Thevarieties are different and the high yield population treatments are also different. The best configurationof Beizhu2was B2M3. Its production reached9402.0kg/hm2,6.05%higher than CK.B3M2was thebest configuration of Zhonglongxiang1and Changxiang2, whose production were respectively8560.0kg/hm2and8562.4kg/hm2,and they were respectively5.34%and10.08%higher than CK. Thebest configuration of Longyang16was B3M3,and its production reached9543.7kg/hm2,11.87%higher than CK. And the differences reached a significant level.5. The difference of milling quality between Beizhu2and Changxiang2was not significant.themilled rice rate of Zhonglongxiang1and Longyang16reached the highest at the treatments of B1M1and B2M3. The differences of B1M1and control reached a significant level. Chalkiness degree ofBeizhu2was minimum at B2M1, and the difference of it and control reached a significant level. B3M2treatment of Zhonglongxiang1was the best, reduced40%than control.Longyang16and Changxiang2with B3M1as the best treatment,differences reached significant or extremely significant level of it andcontrol. among different treatments of Beizhu2and Changxiang2on protein had no significantdifferences. protein of B2M1on Zhonglongxiang1was the highest, increased11.23%than CK.Longyang16with B1M3as the highest protein content, and had reached a significant level with control.Different treatments of all varieties on taste scores were not significant, Beizhu2with B1M2treatmentwas the highest taste score,increased1.09%compared to control. B2M2of Zhonglongxiang1was thebest, B3M3treatment of Longyang16on eating score was the highest, increased1.20%compared tocontrol. B3M2of Longyang16on taste value was the highest,improved0.45%than CK.6. Too high or too low sowing quantity and seedling number would affect the yield and taste score.the coefficient variation of yield was in the5.34-11.87%interval, the coefficient variation of taste valuewas in the range of0.45-1.20%. coefficient variation of yield was higher than taste value. The seedsowing and transplanting density had a high influence on yield. According to optimize sowing quantityand seedling number allocation yield, eating score of the four varieties,the sowing rate was50-62.7gper plate, the transplanting density was2-4seedlings per point were optimal allocation of Beizhu2.Thebest allocation of Zhonglongxiang1and Changxiang2were90g per plate,4-6seedlings per point.90gper plate on sowing rate,6seedlings per point on transplanting density were the best allocation ofLongyang16.Therefore,Cultivation of High-yield and high quality should choose sowing andtransplanting density in accordance with different varieties.