The Diversity And Classification Research Of The Native Persimmon (Diospyros Kaki Thunb.) Germplasm Resources In Zhejiang Province

The persimmon(D.kaki Thunb.) is a woody plants, belong to persimmon Genus(Diospyros L.) persimmon Branch (Ebenaceae). It is resistant to pests and diseases, tolerant ofdrought and lean soil, life tenacious, an excellent fruit tree widely planted in Chinese vast ruralareas. In the long-term cultivation process, due to genetic variation and the role of natural andartificial selection, China native persimmon have produced the differentiation of manyexcellent and valuable persimmon varieties resources. But because Most of the persimmons arenative species, and the persimmon are exchanged between the different regions, result in thehomonym or synonym widespread. Therefore we will strengthen the persimmon resourcescollection, classification and identification, and it have a very important economic and socialsignificance. In this study, we investigated the whole Zhejiang Province territory of persimmonvarieties resources, and combined with comparison of the morphology in practice, primarilyfrom the phenotypic characteristics of the fruit, leaves, branches and fruit nutritional qualityindicators, carried out diversity analysis, and would use numerical taxonomy methods toexplore the classification and identification of the problem of native persimmon varieties inZhejiang Province. The main results were as follows：1,We had a comprehensive survey of there sources of persimmon varieties among a totalof63counties in10regions of Zhejiang Province, and the overall situation was: the central andwestern regions of Zhejiang Province had the most persimmon species varieties and cultivationarea, the southeast coastal areas followed, and the northern plains of had the least persimmonspecies varieties and cultivation area. Due to persimmon cultivation preferences and historicaltraditions and resource exchange in different regions, it resulted the homonym and synonymnative persimmon phenomenon, and after preliminary investigation, a total of274samples wascollected,and167species has been collated,and there are about100species was newlydicovered. 2,The diversity analysis of persimmon varieties was conducted from morphologicalcharacteristics and nutritional indicators. By the study of83morphological traits of238nativepersimmon varieties in Zhejiang Province, describtive traits was diversified, especially fruitcharacters diversification was higher. Quantitative trait coefficient of variation ranged from0.12to0.68, a higher degree of variation. The fruit variability(mean coefficient of variation0.25) was higher than the leaf (mean coefficient of variation0.18). By the number ofclassification, we could define single fruit weight less than76g for small fruit type, more than121g for large fruit type, in between for medium-sized fruit type; fruit shape index less than0.9for the flat fruit type, greater than1.1for long fruit type, the range between for round fruit type.Quantitative trait correlation analysis found that the seed length and seed shape had impact onfruit shape and fruit development, and seed shape and fruit shape had the intrinsic correlation.3,By analysis the diversity of fruit nutrients and fruit quantitative trait of nativepersimmon varieties in Zhejiang Province, we could find that: it had rich diversity in fruitnutritional quality, and the coefficient of variation ranged from5.16%to86.57%, and theaverage coefficient of variation was42%. Shannon diversity index was in the range of1.64to2.15, and the average was1.9, a high degree of diversity. In the five nutritional indicatorsdirectly reflecting the taste of the persimmon fruit, The coefficient of variation of starchcontent was up to69.21%, followed by crude fiber content of33.83%. Relative to the otherfour indicators, soluble sugar content shannon diversity index of2.07are higher. Nutritionindicators correlation analysis showed that the potassium content and soluble solids contentwas positively correlated, indicating that the potassium content might affect the the persimmonsoluble solids content.4,In order to comprehensively and in-depthly study native persimmon classification, theexperiment observed and measured83morphological traits, and after the removal of nine traitsvery small differences in phenotype,74traits were selected to conduct the principal componentanalysis. Among the21principal components, only the first four principal components hadregular pattern, which could be summarized as some integrated information with higher contribution rate indicators, and finally to get rid of some of smaller contribution rateindicators, screened a total of42indicators used to conduct quantitative classification ofmorphological traits.5, Morphological characteristics Q-mode cluster analysis showed that persimmonvarieties of Zhejiang Province did not simply be divided into several groups, and thedendrogram was complicated. Combined the actual empirical observations, we had analysis onthe eight groups, results showed that fruit characters in the classification was significant,followed by branches and leaves. All Jinzao persimmon series cultivars were clearly clusteredinto a group, which was showed below in the Q-mode dendrogram, clearly separated with othernative persimmon varieties, other groups also had shown their different characteristics. All74traits were divided into nine groups with R-mode cluster analysis, and each cluster had its owncharacteristics, and could separately summarize comprehensive information. We found thatsome higher correlation indicators were clustered together, such as in the quantitative traitanalysis, four indicators includ seed long,seed shape index,fruit shape index and fruitlongitudinal diameter were clustered together, in addition to the leaf length and leaf width, thebud positive shape and the bud side of the shape indicators were also gathered together.Eventually by morphological observation and cluster analysis, it could be to get rid of34ofvery similar or the same persimmon samples from the238native persimmon samples for204samples, and it initially solved the homonym and synonyms phenomenon in the nativepersimmon varietiesthe, and realized the species groups division.6,We conducted on172native persimmon varieties the Q-mode cluster analysis withnutrition indicators and fruit number of indicators of, and the cluster analysis map showed thegroups was complex, and was divided into six groups, nutritional indicators content of eachcluster are broadly similar. The first group was Jinzao persimmon varieties series, which wascoincide with Q-mode cluster analysis of morphological traits, clearly separated with othernative persimmon varieties. The remaining group from Tonglu6to Anji3, each small groups also presented their own characteristics, such as the group from Tonglu6to Wen Cheng3overall performanced for medium and large fruit, high water content and low sweetness.