| Coastal protection forest system is one of the six major ecological engineering system inChina, to resist natural disasters such as tsunami and storm tide, alleviate foreland grim situationof ecological environment, improving coastal ecosystem stability, improving the livingenvironment, protection of industrial and agricultural production plays an important role. But theroad construction interference effects Way-sides shelter-forest fragile ecosystem effect, reduce theprotection forest ecological function. In this study, road construction and Casuarina equisetifoliaprotection forest as the research object, analysis of road construction on Casuarina equisetifoliaprotection forest climatic factors, the growth of Casuarina, understory vegetation composition anddiversity of soil quality, fertility, soil heavy metal pollution and protection forest landscape change,and on different restoration measures of trunk Shelterbelt of restoration effect were compared, inorder to coastal road construction planning, the construction of coastal protective forest systemand improve the ecological environment benefit evaluation and provide a theoretical basis. Themain findings are as follows:1. On the road in different distance from Casuarina equisetifolia forest climate factorscomparative analysis showed: changes in light intensity with distance from the highway and theincreasing of the reduced and tends to stability trend, air temperature change trend and lightintensity, air humidity is the opposite; apart from highway100m is light intensity from dramaticchanges to ease the turning point, the50m is the air temperature and humidity of the turning point.On different restoration measures of trunk Shelterbelt of Casuarina equisetifolia under forestclimate factors change comparative study shows: the forest of light intensity with the size of theorder of no recovery measures of forest> take biological restoration measures of forest>Engineering and biological recovery measures combined with forest> take engineering measuresto restore forest> from roadbed interference effects of the forest belt; air temperature andhumidity of the size of the order were no recovery measures of forest> take engineering measuresto restore forest> take biological restoration measures of forest> Engineering and biologicalrecovery measures combined with forest> from roadbed interference effects of shelterbelt,engineering and biological recovery measures combined with forest> take biology recoverymeasures of forest> from roadbed interference effects of forest> take engineering measures torestore forest> no recovery measures of the forest.2. On different restoration measures of trunk Shelterbelt of Casuarina equisetifolia underBeefwood growth status were compared analysis showed: the forest of Casuarina tree height,diameter at breast height, crown width size overall performance is not affected by interferenceeffects of the forest belt of subgrade> take biological restoration measures of forest> Engineeringand biological recovery measures combined with forest> take engineering measures to restoreforest> no recovery measures of forest belt; height under branch is taken biological restorationmeasures of forest> take engineering measures to restore forest> from roadbed interferenceeffects of forest> Engineering and biological recovery measures combined with forest> no recovery measures of forest belt; dry rate showed no recovery measures of forest> take biologicalrestoration measures of forest> take engineering measures to restore forest> Engineering andbiological recovery measures combined with forest> is not affected by the interference effects ofthe forest belt of roadbed; preservation rate shows from roadbed interference effects of forest>take engineering measures to restore forest> Engineering and biological recovery measurescombined with forest> take biological restoration measures forest> no recovery measures offorest belt; pest rate showed no recovery measures of forest> take engineering measures to restoreforest> from roadbed interference Effects of forest> take biological restoration measures of forest> Engineering and biological recovery measures combined with belt.3. The coastal road construction on highway distance from different gradients withinprotective undergrowth vegetation species composition and diversity of effects is: with theincrease of distance from the road, Casuarina equisetifolia plantation from light plant to plantchange, from forest vegetation to herb to herbaceous and shrub distribution changes,50~100m arethe dominant species of acuteness change range. With the increasing distance from the road,Casuarina equisetifolia plantation species diversity in general showed increases gradually andtends to be stable trend, which apart from Highway50~100m range, species turnover ratemaximum. From the coastal big channel of Casuarina equisetifolia plantations undergrowthvegetation biodiversity impact angle, mainly concentrated in the road region100m range, with theincrease of distance from roads, reducing the influence degree.4. With the increase of distance from roads,0~60cm soil total nutrients in addition to the totalpotassium content change trend is not obvious, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content weredemonstrated obvious change trend, apart from highway20,200m is the total nitrogen and totalphosphorus in the overall trend of the two turning point; in the soil profile the vertical direction,the total nutrients from highway0~20m range trend not obvious, after50m, from top to bottomshowed a trend of gradual decline, and each layer in addition to the potassium, total nitrogen andtotal phosphorus in the maximum and minimum values of the difference in amplitude from top tobottom shows trend of gradual decline, illustrated road construction on the protective Lin Biao soiltotal nutrients influence, soil and subsoil effect. With the increase of distance from roads,0~60cmof soil available nutrient content increased first and decreased then increased trend, apart fromhighway0~50m,0~20,20~40soil available nutrient content is low, after50m increased gradually,after200m increases up to a maximum value and tends to stable,40~60cm soil layer in addition tohydrolysable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the highway10m content value is low, theother at a distance of no significant difference in soil profile; in vertical direction, away from thehighway0~50m range, soil hydrolysable nitrogen and available potassium content from upper tolower overall increased overall, available phosphorus increased first and then decreased, after100m, the available nutrient content showed a decreasing trend; the available nutrient maximum valueand the minimum value of the magnitude of the difference in soil profile in vertical direction fromtop to bottom showed a decreasing trend. With the increase of distance from roads,0~60cm of soilorganic matter, total porosity, moisture content has gradually increased to a steady trend,0~20mwithin the content of a lower value, increased gradually after50m,200m increases up to amaximum and then tends to be stable; soil profile in a vertical direction,0~20m range does notchange obviously, after100m from top to bottom presents the trend of gradual decline, and eachlayer of maximum and minimum values of the difference in amplitude from top to bottom alsopresents the trend of gradual decline; soil bulk density and soil pH value change trend with soil organic matter, porosity and water content change trend contrary to. From the quality of soilfertility comprehensive index value can be seen, in0~20cm soil layer, from the highway0~20mrange, quality of soil fertility comprehensive index value is low, after50m increased gradually,after200m reached higher levels and tends to be stable;20~40,40~60cm soil layer, from thehighway0~100m range, index values were lower after200m higher, and tend to be stable; in thesoil profile in vertical direction, away from the highway0~50m, soil quality and soil fertilitycomprehensive index value from top to bottom to increase gradually, and increase greatly,100mgradually decreases, but decreases the magnitude of smaller;0~60cm soil quality soil fertilitycomprehensive index value mean value with the distance from roads increases.5. On different restoration measures of trunk Shelterbelt of Casuarina equisetifolia under soilfertility quality comparative analysis shows,0~60cm soil total nitrogen content of soil in differentforest in performance is not affected by interference effects of the forest belt of subgrade>Engineering and biological restoration measures combining forest> take engineering measures torestore forest> take biological restoration measures of forest> no recovery measures of the forest,and total phosphorus and total potassium change trend is obvious in the vertical direction; soilprofile, soil total nitrogen content from top to bottom presents the trend of gradual decline, totalphosphorus and total potassium trend not obvious; each layer of the maximum and minimumvalues range from top to bottom gradually reduced. In0~60cm of soil available nutrient contentsin the forest in the performance is not affected by interference effects of the forest belt of subgrade> Engineering and biological restoration measures combining forest> take engineering measuresto restore forest> take biological restoration measures of forest> no recovery measures of forestsoil profile; in vertical direction, in addition to hydrolysis no obvious change in nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium from top to bottom shows decreasing trend; each layer of the minimumand maximum values of amplitude changes from top to bottom gradually decreases. In0~60cm ofsoil organic matter, soil porosity, moisture in the forest in performance is not affected byinterference effects of the forest belt of subgrade> Engineering and biological restorationmeasures combining forest> take biological restoration measures of forest> take engineeringmeasures to restore forest> no recovery measures of forest, soil bulk density and soil pH valuechanges trend is opposite in soil profile; in vertical direction, the change in pH is not evident, fromtop to bottom soil bulk density increased, soil organic matter, porosity and water content of fromtop to bottom in a gradually decreasing trend; the soil organic matter, soil pH, bulk density,porosity, moisture maximum value and the minimum amplitude changes from top to bottomgradually decreases. The fertility of forest soil quality comprehensive index value size order fromroadbed overall performance for the interference effects of forest> Engineering and biologicalrecovery measures combined with forest> take engineering measures to restore forest> takebiological restoration measures of forest> no recovery measures of forest soil profile; in verticaldirection, the belt in0~20,20~40,40~60cm soil layer index size is40~60cm>0~20cm>20~40cm.6. On highway medial shelterbelts and no protective forest on soil heavy metal distributionpattern analysis showed: forest and forest near the lead content of soil heavy metals in peak are notin the shoulder belt section, in which no majority in the distance of shoulder100~200m range,and then gradually decreased to control values, and have most forest sections in the distance ofshoulder10~50m range, and in the peak of over the content after the content value basically noforest than corresponding sample content value low, and reached significant level; individual pollution index showed, in forest road, in addition to Cr and Ni, other heavy metal elements on theroadside within the range of200m soil have different levels of pollution, among which Zn and Cupollution is most serious, have forest section of most of heavy metal pollution is reduced to100m;a number of comprehensive pollution index display, no belt sections along the soil heavy metalpollution reaches300m, and belt section is reduced to200m; correlation analysis showed, soilheavy metal pollution mainly comes from road traffic.7. On different restoration measures of trunk Shelterbelt of Casuarina equisetifolia under soilheavy metals distribution of comparative analysis showed: the As, Cd and Zn contents in theforest belt size overall performance for engineering measures to restore forest> take biologicalrestoration measures of forest> Engineering and biological recovery measures combined withforest> no recovery measures of the forest> from roadbed interference effects of the forest belt,Cr, Pb, Ni and Cu size overall performance for engineering measures to restore forest> norecovery measures of forest> take biological restoration measures of forest> Engineering andbiological recovery measures combined with forest> from the roadbed interference effects of theforest belt; single pollution index display, the forest understory soil except Cr and Ni did not reachthe level of pollution, other heavy metals have been polluted in varying degrees; a number ofcomprehensive pollution index, the forest understory soil polluted degree of the order for takingengineering measures to restore forest> Engineering and biological recovery measures combinedwith forest> take the biological recovery measures of forest> no recovery measures of forest belt;correlation analysis show, all kinds of metal elements of the correlation is not obvious, thepollution to The source may be more complex.8. Comparison between1990,2002and2009year when in Shenhu bay along the coastaldefense forest of the protection forest types of landscape pattern index changes can be seen, theprotection forest types of plaque area during1990were far greater than in2002and2009year,2009year the protection forest types of plaque area ratio increases slightly in2002year; from1990to2002year, the protection forest types of plaque density all increase substantially, averagepatch area greatly decreased, in2009year the protection forest types of patch density and averagepatch area than in2002year; from1990to2002year, protective forest patch shape index exceptthe coastal backbone forest removal does not change obviously, other protection forest types weresignificantly decreased trends, from2002to2009year, in addition to the coastal backbone forestand farmland protection forest does not change obviously, other forest types of patch shape indexhas rebounded slightly. |
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