Study On Genotype Difference Of Anthocyanin Components From Black Rice And Effect On Regulating Serum Lipid And Blood Glucose Levels

Black rice a kind of precious rice varieties, China has the richest resources in the world.Anthocyanin is a kind of water-soluble natural plant pigment, it mainly exist in the seed coat ofblack rice. Anthocyanin has high nutritive value and health function. There are somethingdifferences in contents and compositions of anthocyanin from different genotypes of black rice.In this study, genotype difference of anthocyanin components from black rice wereanalyzed through determining anthocyanin content, total falconoid content, total anti-oxidationcapacity and scavenge free radical capacity in anthocyanin extract and combining with highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The black rice varieties with high anthocyanincontent were screened out. This study also researched the effect on regulating serum lipid andblood glucose levels. This study provides theoretical support for the further development andexploiting of the black resources. The main results were as follows:1. Study on genotype difference on anthocyanin content of black rice. The anthocyanin fromblack rice was extracted with methanol-hydrochloride, which was used as extractant. Andsupersonic assisted extraction was also used for extracting. The optimum extraction process ofanthocyanin determining by orthogonal test are: ratio of material and solvent is1∶100, extracttemperature is40℃, extract time is15h, extract solvent is1.0%methanol-hydrochloride(v∶v).The optimum extraction processes of anti-oxidative extraction of black rice are: ratio of materialand solvent is1∶100, extract temperature is80℃, extract time is3h, extract solvent is80%ethyl alcohol. The results showed that there are very significant difference on anthocyanincontent, total falconoid content, total anti-oxidation capacity and scavenge free radical capacityfrom different genotype black rice. Anthocyanin content has the positive correlation with totalfalconoid content, total anti-oxidation capacity and scavenge free radical capacity. Among them,1A882is the highest variety, its anthocyanin content, total falconoid content, total anti-oxidationcapacity and scavenge free radical capacity is43.14±0.14,5.64±0.13g/100g,654.67±2.76u/g and392.86±1.26u/g, which are5.78times,2.02times,3.25times and2.86times ofcontrolled variety black rice1A887(black pearl rice). There is very significant difference ofanthocyanin content on different planting conditions. Anthocyanin content in late season is1.08times,1.24times,1.11times and1.07times of early season comparing with anthocyanin content, total flavonoid content, total anti-oxidation capacity and scavenge free radical capacity. However,there is no difference compared with different years.2. Study on genotype difference on anthocyanin components of black rice. Black rice andred rice anthocyanin extract were purified with filtration, vacuum evaporation and petroleumether extraction. The average extraction rate of purified black rice and red rice anthocyaninextract powder was2.142%. HPLC analysis shows that the main component of the differentgenotypes of black rice and red rice anthocyanin is Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and its massfraction accounted for more than85%. Among them,1A882cyanidin-3-O-glucoside content isthe highest variety, its content reached12.15mg/g, which is1.96times of controlled varietyblack rice1A887(black pearl rice).3. Study on different genotypes of black rice anthocyanin regulating serum lipid and bloodglucose levels. The results of animal experiments show that fed high serum lipid and high bloodglucose model mice with anthocyanin extract and rice bran from black rice and red rice, theirserum lipid and blood glucose levels significantly better than the model group. Among them, themice group feeding high doses of1A882black rice bran (the ratio of the rice bran and basal dietis2:1), the total cholesterol content are31.33%lower than the model group, the low densitylipoprotein cholesterol content are29.03%lower than the model group, the high densitylipoprotein cholesterol content are19.23%higher than the model group, the triglyceride contentare6.13%lower than the model group, the blood glucose content is23.45%lower than themodel group. Overall, the indicators of feeding black rice group are better than the red rice group,the indicators of feeding the rice brangroup are better than the anthocyanin extract group. Theabove results indicate that anthocyanin from black rice and red rice can play the role effectivelyregulate serum lipid and blood glucose levels.