The Effect Of Heavy Metal CD²⁺ And Zn²⁺ On The Feeding Behavior Of The Aphid Sitobion Avenae(FABRICIUS)

With the development of industries and the abuse of the pesticides and fertilizer, theheavy mental pollution has become more and more seriously. And much more attention hasbeen paid to it. The heavy mental cadmium and zinc not only impact the growth and thedevelopment of plants directly, it also affects the insects feeding on these plants indirectlythrough the changes of structure and chemical constitutions of plants. Furthermore, it caninfluence the natural enermies of the phytophagous insects through the food chain. With thehelp of electrical penetration graph (EPG), we conducted a study concerning the feedingbehaviors of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) feeding on the seeding stage wheat watered bydifferent concentrations of cadmium and zinc. It enrich our knowledge of the effects theheavy mental on the feeding behavior S.avenae (Fabricius), and on the interaction among theheavy mental, plants and insects. Contrasted by the wheat watered by fresh water, the othergroups were watered by different concentrations of cadmium solution when the wheat cameup. And the contents of cadmium in these soils were40,80and160mg/kg, and the content ofzinc in the soil was400,800and1600mg/kg, respectively. Then we studied the feedingbehaviors of S. avenae feeding on the wheat planted15days applying the EPG monitoring.The results are the followings:1. The effects of cadmium on the feeding behavior of S. avenae(1) Significantly increased the number of C waveform, and the number of E waveformreduced significantly.(2) The initial time of pd waveform and E waveform droped back, especially in lowconcentration.(3) Significantly reduced the total duration of E1waveform, especially in low concentration.2. The effects of zinc on the feeding behaviors of S. avenae(1) Significantly increased the number of pd waveform, and the number of E2waveformreduced significantly.(2) Delayed initial time of E1waveform.(3) Significantly reduced the total duration of E1waveform and E2waveform.The feeding behaviors of S. avenae changed apparently may due to alteration of thestructure and the nutrient in the wheat leaves. It indicated that the fitness of feeding on thesewheat watered by heavy mental solutions declined. Moreover, it fitness of feeding on thewheat watered by low concentration of cadmium solution was much lower. While the fitnessof S. avenae feeding on the wheat watered by zinc solution decreased with the increase of theconcentration.Our study developed the theory about the effects of heavy mental on the interactionbetween plant-insects. It also enriched the global biology and the insect biology. And it issignificant on matter on the theory of ecology or on the practices of insect management.