| With the comprehansive application of dental implant, more and more peri-implant disease were reported. The term'peri-implantitis'was defined as an inflammatory process affecting the soft and hard tissues around a functioning osseointegrated implant, resulting in loss of supporting bone. Peri-implant disease are characterized by inflammatory lesions that may affect just the peri-implant mucosa termed as peri-implant mucotitis or may also result in loss of bone and in turn lead to loss of the implant, and termed as peri-implantitis. Etiology of peri-implant disease mainly includes poor oral hygiene, bacteria plaque accumulation, overloading, smoking, periodontitis, as well as uncontrolled systemic disease (as diabetes). Clinical manifestation showed familibility with that of periodontitis, including swelling and redness of the soft tissue, bleeding on probing, peri-implant socket formation, loss of attachment level, and loosening of the implant. Histology of peri-implant disease differed from periodontitis because the present of periodontal membrane in natural tooth, including connective tissue fibre, while soft tissue around implant composed of epithelial interface as well as connective tissue interface, and they interact each other to protect the implant from bacteria invasion. When implanted into the bone, the laterally migration of epithelia to restore the consistence in normal wound healing was interrupted by the implant, thus the epithelia migrate downward to the deep tissue along the connective tissue surface. Treatment for peri-implantitis include non-surgical and surgical treatment as well as laser treatment, the basis of all treatment is to remove all the pathogenic bacteria and regeneration of lost tissue and re-establishment of osseointegration along implants surface.Purpose:This Project will be studied by taking the method through retrospect case and follow-up study to investigate the incidence rate of peri-implantitis and the relationship between affecting factors and peri-implantitis by statistical analysis.Methods:Experiment 1: 24 implant in 15 patients with chronic periodontitis were selected, and 20 implants in 10 periodontal health patients as control. Peri-implant sulcus fliud, modified plaque index, modified bleeding index, probing depth and attachment loss of both group were tested and compared. Experiments 2: 4 groups were included: healthy group, periodontitis group, smoking group, and periodontitis with smoking group. One year after implant loading, marginal alveolar bone loss (MBL), modified plaque index (mPLI), modified bleeding index (mSBI), probing depth were recorded and analysed.Results:1 Except for mPLI, all the clinical indexes in periodontitis group were different with healthy group with statistical significance. (P<0.05)2 There were no statistical significance in all the indexes between periodontitis group and healthy, the same as between smoking and healthy group. (P>0.05), However, there were great difference in MBI and mSBI between periodontitis with smoking and healthy group, with statistically significance (P<0.05). Conclusion:1. Experiments show that the relationship between affecting factors and peri-implantitis is positive correlated.2. Under effective periodontal treatment and maintenance, patient with periodontitis or smoking can achieve reliable results with implant, but for patients with periodontitis and smoking, marginal bone loss and BOP may occur after implant placement. |
