The Research Of Refusals In Stone Story

"Refusal" is a kind of interactive form of parole, which is a language expression that represents the receivers'rejection or disagreement to the speakers'requests, acquirements, goodwill, malice, suggestions, advices, gift-giving, and etc. Moreover, rejection is essentially contradictive, which will threat the face of the receivers, and therefore implicit expressions are usually adopted to applying the rejection, in order to reduce the threat or injury to receivers' face, avoiding confliction of communication, and maximizing the harmony of the communication. Therefore, it determines that speakers usually violate the principle of cooperation while applying rejection, and say some seemingly redundant words or omit directly rejection words, or say some irrelevant words, in order to obey the principles of cooperation and politeness in a higher level.In the process of dividing the refusal, accordingly we having already applied the concept of speech to representing the refusal, it is not proper to continue to apply the concept of speech to representing the parts of refusal. Moreover, "stage" is used to representing time series, but in Pragmatics cases we may find that the three parts of refusal are not expressed according to a fixed order, but according to the intention of the speakers, therefore, using stages to divide rejection is not suitable. As a result, in this paper, we suggest a concept named item, as a subpart of speech, and eventually divide refusal into three parts that are central reject items, initial reject items, and auxiliary reject items.Stone Story contains abundant refusals. This paper systematically processes the refusal, and establishes a division criterion, using theories of Lexicology, Grammar, and Semantics to analyze the composition of refusal, and meanwhile, applying theories of Pragmatics and Social Linguistics to explaining the conversational implication of the refusal.This paper contains five chapters:chapter I reviews the current researches, the definitions, and the structure division of the refusal, and the relative papers and monograph of refusal in detail, keeping the accuracy of the definition and the reasonableness of the division of the refusal. Meanwhile, to collect and inspect the refusal of Stone Story, and finally choose the books edited by Zhou Ruchang as the research materials. ChapterⅡand chapterⅢstudy the central reject items in Stone Story. ChapterⅡfocuses on the situation that the central reject items are simple sentences, and counts and analyzes three cases that the central reject items are narrative sentences, imperative sentences, and interrogative sentences. ChapterⅢfocuses on the situation that the central reject items are compound sentences and multi-compound sentences. Chapter IV studies the reject initial items and reject auxiliary items of refusals of Stone Story, and summaries the common expression of refusal. Chapter V explains the refusal of Stone Story with the perspective of Pragmatics, especially explaining the refusal of Stone Story in the principles of cooperation and politeness.The refusal is a special form of response of human language, which people are inclined to use varies with their different personalities, cultivation and status. And the representation of refusal of each races typically reflect the cultural psychology, and sedimentation of the racial culture. The researches of refusal play an important role to better understand the character and tradition of a person and, to some extent, a race.