| The negotiation between the Communist Party and Kuomintang in 1944-1945 was different from previous ones for the attendance of America as the intermediate role, which begun with Hurley's coming to China. To the question of American's intervention, Chiang Kai Shek had a change from strong objection to final agreement. This paper just begins with the change process. According to the time sequence, co-operation and divergence between Chiang Kai Shek and America for the Kuomintang-Communist negotiation during the year Hurley coming to China is also analyzed in this paper by dividing this negotiation into three sections.The first section is from October 1944 to December. It concludes that the co-operation and difference between Chiang Kai Shek and America during Hurley's Yenan trip, the "Third Counter draft" which suggested by Chiang Kai Shek and Chou En-Lai in Chung King. In this section, Hurley brought the negotiation points which were consulted by Chiang Kai Shek and him to Yenan to make a conversation with the Communist Party. Then he got back to Chung King with Chou En-Lai and meanwhile brought back "Five Points" which he was satisfied with. But this "Five Point" was opposed by Chiang Kai Shek and he put forward the "Third Counter draft" to wield the initiative of the negotiation. Because of the big disagreement between both sides although Hurley tried his best to communicate with Chou En-Lai the first intermediation faired at last and Chou returned to Yenan. The second section is from January 1945 to February. The main point is the co-operation and difference between Chiang Kai Shek and America when Chou En-Lai came back to Yenan and went to Chung King once again. It contains two aspects in this section, one is Hurley found that Chiang Kai Shek prepared to hold the national conference which let him thought China would be changed into a democratic country under Chiang's dominate so he executed the China policy that did anything should on Chiang's side. The other one is that Chiang Kai Shek knew what the limit of America is and he put it into use. He actively prepared for the national assembly under color of letting the Americans satisfied with his superficial effort. He also continued to incorporate the Communist Party's army but didn't give them the real power which can achieve the scheme of one-party rule. Of course there also had difference between Chiang and America because they had controversial opinions on the Soviet Union which made them have different ideas on the Communist Party's effect and status. The last section is from March 1945 to November. The main idea is that before and after Mao Tse-Tung came to Chung King, the collaborate and different between Chiang and America. This section analyzes the domestic situation and international environment before Mao Tse-Tung came to Chung King because in this period there had a new question between Kuomintang-Communist. The question was that could the Japanese troops surrendered to Communist's army. Hurley completely supported Chiang's advice that the Japanese troops mustn't surrender to the Communist and he also declared that Americans won't provide any weapon to the Communist on the news conference. This action indicates that Americans abandoned the position of middleman and absolutely took sides in Chiang Kai Shek. The Sino-Soviet relations looked positive benign and the Second World War was drawing to the end so Chiang used this salubrious situation and the assistance of American to solve the problem of the Communist by invite Mao Tse-Tung to have a conference with him in Chung King. Finally they signed the October 10th Agreement but it was only an empty title after a few days.The whole paper aims to research afresh Sino-US relations in this period from Chiang's point and figures out that Chiang was not the vassal of America. He induced Hurley to gradually discard Communist's interest and stood in a line with himself. Meanwhile, he firmly persisted in his baseline without discussion that he can't able to abolish one-party rule of Kuomintang, would not establish coalition government, also unable to admit the legal position of Communist Army if he couldn't reorganize their troops, and all of these were firmly preserved by Chiang Kai Shek in the negotiation. Consequently, although America had requested Chiang to make some compromise with Communist and Hurley coordinated hard between Kuomintang and Communist as well which thus led to the disagreement on some opinions with Chiang but Hurley still took sides with Chiang. This point was profoundly manifested on establishing a coalition. Hurley knew very little about the condition in China and also didn't understand the meaning of the suggestions and plans which were made by Chiang. He thought that even Chiang didn't use the name of "Coalition", he would establish a democratic country and a new China of the Rule of Law. But actually Chiang would never accept America's advices and Communist's suggestions. What he wants was one-party dominance and this was opposite to the Communist's demand so they couldn't reach a consensus and led the failure of Hurley's conciliation. |
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