The Study Of The Land System And Economic Organizations Of Agriculture In The Han Dynasty

This paper is to research the land system in the Han Dynasty anew when all of land belonged to central government and run by both the central government and the local governments. Giving land system is the basic land system in the Han Dynasty. The land which belonged to the local governments was awarded people. After awarded, the land became private property and can be transferred, inherited as well as traded. This article is to discuss several economic organizations which consist of petty farmers, the tenancy, the employment, and the slavery in the Han Dynasty. To start with the land system and economic order's research, this paper proved that the Shang Yang political reform has disintegrated the small community by the large community combined with individual. Pointed out after Chin Shihuang unifies Six Countries Qin dynasty was different from Qin Kingdom in the land system as well as the economic order. Giving land system is the basis of economic system in Han Dynasty, but the powerful official group enjoys the privilege in the land system and payment of taxes. Because of free transaction and the exchange of element of production in Han Dynasty, production efficiency of the petty farmers had been ensured. And the income was multi-channel; the petty farmers can maintain their family livelihood, attend the sociality activity and ensure the reproduction of the population. The petty farmers and the commodity economy were closely related. Based on the distinguished landlord, research shows that the tenancy was not universal and the land rent was differential rent and fixed quantity. The employment can be divided into two types, the pursuit of wealth and subsistence employment. The latter is difficult to maintain the family livelihood and mostly agricultural employment in the short term. Compared with tenancy or slavery, employment was more widespread and developed. Slavery can be divided into small production manufacturers and in the operators with large land the latter is related with commodity economy closely.