The Study Of Land System In Tang & Song Dynasty

From a whole perspective to study the social and economic change, the tribute of land was private, which was a key issue to understand systems of land and history of Tang & Song Dynasties. From Han to Ming Dynasty, land was always private, and there was never a change from communal ownership to private ownership. Meanwhile, there was no transition from shares to peasants. The owners and cultivators of land were equal, and did not exit as two confronting classes. The era between Tang and Song Dynasty, was a natural prolonging process, not a separated transformation.The dissertation consists of six parts:Chapter 1: Definition of"Juntian Zhi"(Dividing land system), there has been 2 definitions,"Tian Ling"(Land Edict) was not"Juntian Zhi", nor the basis of"Juntian Zhi", the land system of Tang Dynasty was not"Juntian Zhi". The idea of"Juntian"(dividing land) was actually"Jun Shui"(dividing tares), and had nothing to do with constitutions. In Song Dynasty there was no law of"having no land system", nor"having no systems of land". The nucleus of the land system was private ownership.Chapter 2: The ownership of land. The merger of land was not repeated at low levels, the essence of which was transferring from hand to hand. The transfer was usually comparatively stable the influence of great landowners were not as big as we have expected.Chapter 3: The managing methods of renting and self-cultivation were both alternatives ender a certain circumstance, were both of methodology. The Fixed rent method was the result of several parties is struggling and became the vital managing method. The positions of land–owners and employed farmers were comparatively equal.Chapter 4: Land boasts a key position in national economy. Eating was a key issue in social life, and was also a basic requirement of people from Han to Ming Dynasty. Making people's ends meet was the hope of both government and the people.Chapter 5: Natural economy could not exist solely, but had to be combined with commodity economy. During Tang & Song Dynasties, the ownership and interests of land developed more, transactions and markets grew greatly. Owing to the weakness of small farming economy, if had to be combined with commodity economy. Grains played an important role in social life. The consumption of grains were marketization early and fully.In all, there no great transformation in the land systems during Tang & Song Dynasties, and no process from communal ownership to private ownership. The tribute of land was always private. From another perspective, we can say there was more continuity rather than separation between Tang and Song Dynasties.