On The Industry Of Wine In The Jiangzhe Area In Yuan Dynastry

The industry of wine in the Jiangzhe area has a long history and a good foundation, there are many famous varieties in this area. Drinking in the Jiangzhe area was very popular in Yuan Dynasty, throughout every class. Such as officials, literator, civilian and monks, each has its own characteristics. Prevalent drinking and the good foundation from previous dynasties jointly promoted the development of wine industry in the Jiangzhe area.In production, the official wine production and folk wine production in the Jiangzhe area were all extremely developed. The official producting wine had higer quality. There were many official wineries in this area. Folk wine production was extremely unusual. Family wine production had been formed as a fixed custom. In Private wineries, wage labour relations were appeared. The Jiangzhe area produced wine mainly with cereals. Meanwhile, grape planting and grape wine production also develop further. Cereals production continued the trend of wine development from previous generation, famous wine throughout the Jiangzhe area. Regional features had formed. In production skills, production technology in Yuan Dynasty inherited the development trend from previous generation, reached a high level, been summarized and expend. Distillation is widely used in this period. Wine sets'development mainly displayed in wine vessels. The development of porcelain production technology made porcelain wine vessels more delicate. Egg-white glaze and mature blue and white porcelain were appeared in this period. Moreover, other material of wine vessels also had different development.In circulation, the main forms of wine trade in the Jiangzhe area were intra-region trade, regional trade and overseas trade. In this three kind of trade forms, the intra-region trade and regional trade were more developed. Although government interfered the overseas trade, it developed further. Grape wine and cereals were the mainly variety participate in trade. A large proportion of grape wine were imported. Cereals exported more, often with starter-making, rice and other forms. As a necessity for daily life, the sales scale of wine was large. Wine retail agencies also divided into official and private. The forms of wine sales in the Jiangzhe's offical retail agency were diversity. There were wineries with production and sales, hotels only for sales, inns belong to offical wineries and so on. The wine sales was very convenient. The opening conditions of private wine retail agencies were simple. The hotels throughout urban and rural around, had different scale. As the main place to sell wine, Hotels in urban and rural had different features. Urban hotels had perfect facilities and better decoration. Although many rural inns were simple and crude, their admittance were very low, and the number of inns was huge, greatly satisfied people's needs. In order to thrive in business, hotels and inns often in various ways to conduct business. Such as serviced by trulls, wine board substituted for bill, wine ship to sold wine, and so on. The price of wine had close relationship with supply and demand, the ban of wine, collection of wine taxation and cereals prices.The management policy of wine industry mainly included taxation and monopoly of wine, relaxation wine taxation, the ban of wine, the government ban on private wine and the wine overstep the boundary. Taxation and monopoly of wine was the mainly policy in Jiangzhe area in early period of Yuan Dynasty. Then there been several changes between taxation and monopoly of wine and relaxation wine taxation. After that the management policy of wine industry gradually tend to relaxation wine taxation. The ban of wine was a kind of extreme policy, less performed in Jiangzhe area, ensured the coherent development of wine industry. Wine taxation in Jiangzhe area mainly collected by the province government, with the way that governments at all levels collected and merged it. Compared with other taxes, the overall amount of wine taxation was larger. Regional differences were also existed in wine taxation. In addition to general wine, wine production by post also belong to the managing scope of wine industry. There were a lot of posts in Jiangzhe area. Post needed to produce the wine with established standards in order to satisfy the demand from come-and-go envoys.Because of the wine industry was developed, its had a high position in Jiangzhe area's social life. The wine industry greatly influenced on local politics, local economy and folk custom. In politics, offical banquet and drinking with trulls were very common. The rulers also win Jiangzhe province officals and local forces over by wine. In economic terms, the scholar's banquet and folk banquet were popular in Jiangzhe area. The phenomenon reflected the change of consumption structure and consumption patterns at that time. The things that businessman collude with Officals to intrusive wine taxation for wine profits were frequently occurred. In folk customs, wine industry prosperity carried the social status of wine forward. Wine had become a important element in festival custom, and marriage custom. It expressed festive atmosphere and symbolized good fortune in marriage custom. Wine also played an important role in township drinking ritual for enlightenment, became an integral part of the social life.