The Comparative Study On Marx's Alienation Of Labor And Marcuse's Alienation Of Scien-Technology

Marx, in his early works Economics and Philosophy Manuscript in 1844, put forward the famous theory of labor alienation by exposing and criticizing the private ownership which led to the alienated labor, attacking the capitalist system that didn't treat workers like human, and prospecting the communist society, which discarded the alienation and realized the ownership of human nature. He pointed out that the widespread use of machines had greatly improved the abilities of the human to transform the nature, the society and themselves; that material wealth has grown quickly; but that the capitalist application of the machines made the subjectivity of the workers weakened, various inner needs ignored, the value reduced, the status lowered and the alienation of labor prevailing. Marcuse, one of the most important members of the Frankfurt School, pointed out in One Dimensional Man that the developed industrial society, depending on the rapid development and wide application of technology, expanded the alienation from production to consumption, from economy to culture, from politics to ideology. One dimensional man existed. The alienation of science and technology brought about many social problems.Although the Marxian alienation of labor and Marcuse's alienation domain of science and technology are both limited in the capitalist society, they are not the pure relationship of inheritance and development, let alone the relationship that the latter can replace the former. In the capitalist society, the development of science and technology "weakens" the alienation of labor, however, the alienation of science and technology aggravates the materialization of people, deepens the one-sidedness of people, and accelerates the devaluation of people. At the same time, their own means and areas are different, and their solutions to the social problems are also different, because the former is revolutionary, while the latter is pessimistic.China is and will be in the primary stage of socialism for a long time. The factors, such as the underdeveloped productive force, the coexistence of diversified ownership forms, and the non--spontaneous division of labor have decided that the alienation of labor exists as a phenomenon in China. Meanwhile, our country belongs to the developing countries, and the alienation of science and technology has already appeared in China in the process of developing science and technology, introducing science and technology, digesting the results of science and technology to improve scientific research ability, applying science and technology and participating in the course of globalization..For the alienation of labor and the alienation of science and technology both appeared in the process of social development, we have to search the solutions with the continuing social development. In the process of promoting social development with science and technology, we proposed the scientific concept of development in order to solve the problems of the alienation. The scientific concept of development emphasizes development firstly. If there is no development, the problems of the alienation cannot be fundamentally solved. Meanwhile, under the guidance of the scientific concept of development, it is the people-oriented, overall, coordinated and sustainable development. Thus we are able to finally solve the problems of unsustainable development caused by the ecological damage, which is brought about by the application of science and technology, and the rule of alienation for the human by science and technology.