Research On Montesquieu's Thought Of Separation Of Powers And The Realistic Enlightenments

Montesquieu, a famous French enlightenment thinker in the 18th century, stood in the forefront of the progressive times, opposed the autocratic centralization, criticized the religious theocracy and advocated the establishment of an ideal national political rule through"separation of powers"and"checks and balances". This thesis has divided three parts. The first part introduces the historical background and thought resources about Montesquieu's theory of checks and balances. Emphasized the checks and balances how to inherit and development the history from era background. The second part introduces the content of Montesquieu's theory of checks and balances, and analyzed the three powers how to keep balance. The third part mainly introduces the checks and balances how to practice in America political power, and discuss its positive and negative influence in America political power. The fourth part introduces why the checks and balances can not practice in Chinese political construct, and discuss the checks and balance's positive significance to China to construct the power controlling society.Montesquieu's thought of separation of powers as a theoretical weapon against the feudal autocracy struggle for Western bourgeois had played a progressive role in history. Analysis and research on Montesquieu's doctrine of separation of powers have profound instructive significances for us to prevent the abuse of power, strengthen the oversight of powers and explore the construction of state power.