Historical Evolution Of Western Thought Power Balance

Power is an enduring topic, it is an eternal subject of human political life. In western politicalthought, the study of power can be traced back to ancient society, from the ancient Greek and Romanslavery society, medieval feudal society and capitalist society since modern times, many political thinkersto launched research and discusses the problem of power. If the early thinkers pay more attention to issuesof political philosophy, ethics, morality, from Machiavelli separate morality and politics, put forward theconcept of "power politics", power becomes the most important subject of politics and political thought,focus on power is an important milestone in the development of political science. In political sciencerelated issues, almost all the problems associated with power, such as the state power, political power,governments, political parties, political participation, etc. This is especially true in the aspect of politicalthought, natural law, the social contract theory, limited government, liberalism, constitutional government,and so on."Double-edged sword" role of power, meanwhile, also let a person remember, therefore how toeffective checks and balances of power, explore the ideal power operation mode has become thinkersconcern. In this paper, we study the center of the problem is why the checks and balances of power, what isits logical basis? Which explore the thinkers of different era and the system design, how they will theoryinto reality, and power balance mode formed in the various periods of historical inevitability.In this paper, we study the clues has four:1, historical period as the main clue: ancient powerbalance thought experienced germination period, modern form, improve and development period.Respectively is ancient hybrid checks and balances, decentralization thought in modern times, and modernsocial checks and balances.2, the value concept of checks and balances the thought evolution process.From the ancient simple mixed regime thought to "balance" the introduction of the concept of value, form amixture of checks and balances; As modern bourgeois rule in the UK the earliest established, liberalism,modern liberal thinkers put forward the separation of thought. Finally, by the early American politicalthinker of absorption and utilization, put forward the theory of "double division", then formed the earliest,in the United States is the most representative of separation of powers.3. Checks and balances from the"inside" to "outside", from the regime of internal checks and balances to social checks and balances of power, more three-dimensional4. As an important way of the separation of powers, checks and balanceshas experienced from class functions of decentralization, institutional decentralization, the path ofseparation of powers. This paper consists of introduction, body, conclusion three parts.Introduction mainly introduces the paper selected topic background and significance, introducethe basic ideas of the paper, the summary of domestic and foreign research present situation and researchmethods, lack of innovation, etc. The text consists of three parts:The first part to determine the main concepts, analysis of checks and balances the theory origin ofthought. First of all, define the power, the power restriction, checks and balances, separation of powers, theconcept of mixed regime, points out that the relation and distinction. Clear center article is focus on theresearch to enable power to achieve the "balance" related history and system design. Second, the researchof checks and balances thought theory origin, to control power’s original thinkers, time of reality and theirrespective theoretical assumptions, clear western society form a system of checks and balances the valueand related historical inevitability.Thought forms in the second part mainly discusses the ancient mixed checks and balances.Hybrid checks and balances is the predecessor of the separation of powers in modern thought, mixedchecks and balances originated in the absorption and transformation of mixed regime. Mixed regime firstborn in the city-state politics, put forward by Plato, by Aristotle into a "double mixing balance" maturemixed regime thought. Finally, mixed with a comprehensive expression of checks and balances thoughtpolly than o the creative transformation, not only to the introduction of the agency the separation of mixedregime, more add a clear value concept "checks and balances", the separation of powers thoughts at thispoint.The third part: the main content for the formation and development of modern power balancethought. Modern power balance thought has experienced a decentralization thought-separation of thought-the three-dimensional decentralization of power balance of thought in the United States-social checksand balances the political system, the four historical stages. First of all, Locke solved from ancient mixedregime theory to the transformation of modern separation of thought difficult: first, the separation ofownership and management rights in the state; Second, specific institutions perform the function specific functions, the separation of powers. Later, montesquieu overcomes the defect of Locke’s no jurisdictiondesign, completed the design of modern separation of thoughts, and separation of powers.America’s founding fathers early will decentralization thought into practice, built the firstgovernment of separation of powers in the world. Decentralization thought development during this periodare "dual separation of powers" thought, fellow thinkers have put forward the specific power of thought andsystem design.1. The power balance not only the traditional separation of powers within the government,also including political parties of the separation of powers, checks and balances of the central and localgovernments, the senate and the house of representatives of the separation of powers, the entire politicalsystem structure is full of checks and balances (the check and balance)2. People’s restriction point of viewof state power, Jefferson referred to "the people for their government’s control, is to measure whether agovernment for the public" refers to the standard. The checks and balances thought not only reflected in thechecks and balances, separation of powers is more important is the separation of powers in the "sovereigntyin people" and under the principle of "free" separation of powers.3. The power balance thought to a newdevelopment stage, the system of checks and balances, the majority of social space of the power ofgovernment checks and balances. Its representative has tocqueville, Robert dahl thoughts. Their main pointis that the political system of separation of powers is not enough to ensure that individuals and society fromthe erosion of state power. Because the power of the institutional emphasizes the internal government ofseparation of powers and checks and balances, also cannot provide personal against countries need variousplatforms and strength, and once you have the opportunity and ability, or jumping out of the scope ofauthority and of his personal and social.The fourth part of the conclusion, mainly summarizes the research on western power balancethought of some experience and reflection. Western concept of checks and balances "the concept of checksand balances" of Chinese society has progressive significance, but to correctly treat the pattern of powerbalance, according to their own social conditions to develop suitable for the situation of road, the rightattitude towards western civilization achievements.