The Study Of Educational Reconstruction In Rwanda After The Genocide

Rwanda, a small landlocked country in the Central Africa, is bound on the Burundi, Tanzania, and Uganda. The domestic population is mainly composed of three ethnic groups:Hutu,Tutsi and Twa. Despite the political independence of Rwanda, the domestic situation of Rwanda was not stable, and inter-ethnic conflicts were frequent. Colonizers of Rwanda adopt the "divide and rule" tactic and undermine the long-term inter-ethnic harmony and stability in Rwanda, resulting in various forms of violence and discrimination between Hutu and Tutsi. In 1994, the plane of Habyarimana, the president of Rwandan, was shot down, which gave rise to a sudden surge of tribal conflicts, and ultimately upgraded to genocide. Hence, education reconstruction became the main mission of the Government of Rwanda after the genocide. On the one hand, the government realized the national development and unity can not do without the correct education; on the other hand, the work of educational reconstruction in Rwanda attracts close attention of international organizations. In addition, experience and results of education reconstruction in Rwanda has a certain impact on Africa.The paper takes the methods of literature and historical analysis. The main purposes of this study are as follows:by means of historical analysis, it analyzes the issues of education reconstruction in Rwanda, aimed to understand tragic genocide in Rwanda as the result of education Deviation; based on specific measures of education reconstruction in Rwanda and achievements education has made, it is aimed to summarize and analyze the experience and lessons of education reconstruction in Rwanda. The paper involves five parts: The first part mainly analyzes the causes of the Rwandan genocide. It is mainly rooted in the colonial "divide and rule" strategy and the multi-party system imposed by Western hegemony in 1980s.The second part mainly analyzes the destruction of education caused by the Rwandan genocide. It first describes the situation of education before independence and meanwhile analyzes the educational development before the genocide. In this period, Rwanda introduced three education reforms, and education at all levels got rapid development. However, it still did not eradicate the discrimination of the educational system. It finally illustrated the enormous impact on the education system caused by the genocide.The third part analyzes the measures taken to rebuild the education system in Rwanda. From the macro perspective, Rwanda tries to recover the daily working in educational department and share the educational responsibilities. To be more detailed, they try to renovate the school building, recover the education order, persuade the students and teachers back to school and recruit new teachers. Moreover, they try to set up emergency education, which includes emending curriculum, importing the courses of "peace education", "science education" and "illiteracy eliminating course". All the curriculum emphasizes unity, equality, tolerance and democracy.The fourth part analyzes the educational achievements after the genocide in Rwanda. It can be classified into five aspects, that is, basic education, higher education, teaching staff, educational finance and educational gains. Based on this, it further analyzes the problems and shortcomings in education system.The last part is reflection and enlightenment. Based on analysis of the previous text, on one hand, it summed up the experience of education reconstruction in Rwanda and by means of summarizing the experience of education reconstruction in Rwanda it gives inspiration on the emergency education program of Chinese schools. On the other hand the paper reflected responsibilities the distorted education must take in the Rwandan genocide, and tries to provide revelation to minority education in China.