| The Natural Forest Protection Program (NFPP) is Chinese government carries out the major measure of sustainable development. Since the NFPP was tried in 1998, overall progress smoothly. With the one stage completion of NFPP (1999-2010), it had produced far-reaching effect to ecological environment of China. As the later stage carrying out of NFPP attentions (2011-2020), the problem that evaluation the dynamic comprehensive benefits of the NFPP scientifically and reasonably was concerned by social and researchers. A case study on the Bipeng ditch in subalpine region of Western Sichuan in the upper reaches of Changjiang River, based on the 3S techniques and mathematical statistics methods, and in combining with the different times imagines of TM, the dynamic comprehensive benefits and land use/cover were evaluated using the specialists inquired methods and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) before NFPP (1994-1999) and after NFPP (1999-2007). This paper explored the impact of the NFPP on different regional comprehensive benefits, in order to provide the theoretical and technical approach for evaluation the comprehensive benefits of NFPP in the upper reaches of Changjiang River.(1) The land use/cover categories were interpreted using supervised classification, based on the 1994,1999,2007 TM imagines and the relative geographic data, the overall classification accuracy of 1994,1999,2007 were 87.35%, 82.61%,89.32%, the kappa coefficients were 0.8609,0.8087,0.8850.(2) The evaluation index system of the comprehensive benefit were established using the specialists inquired methods and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the system included three principle layers such as economic benefit, society benefit and ecological benefit, seven indicator layers such as food production values, plant cover, biodiversity, water supply, soil erosion modulus, forest productivity, recreation and culture values and so on.(3) Based on the imagines of land use/cover categories, the changes of land use/cover and land use dynamic index were analyzed. Forest was the major category, followed by bare field, snow field; the area of other categories was small. The highest land use dynamic index was snow field, the land use dynamic index of before NFPP (1994-1999) was higher than that of after NFPP (1999-2007). Before NFPP construction (1994-1999), the major transfer of categories were broad-leaved forest to coniferous forest, coniferous forest to bush, bare field to snow field, the area of broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest had decreased 0.442×104 hm2, the bare field had decreased 0.679×104hm2, the snow field had increased 0.40×104hm2. After NFPP construction (1999-2007), the major transfer of categories were bush to coniferous forest, bush to broad-leaved forest, snow field to bare field, the area of farm land, bush, grass and snow field had decreased, the other categories had increased, the coniferous forest and bare field increased most, their area increased 0.352×104hm2, 0.334x104hm2.(4) The economic, social and ecological dynamic benefits were analyzed between 1994-1999 and 1999-2007 in study region, the NFPP made a great impact on eco-environment, rural economy and social life style. After NFPP construction, the ecology benefit, social benefit had increased significantly, but the economic benefit increased smoothly, the food production values had increased less 30% than before NFPP construction, however, the recreation and culture values had increased 2.3 times as many as before NFPP construction. Before NFPP construction (1994-1999), the plant cover had decreased, the vegetation evenness index had increased 0.019, the forest productivity had increased 14236.28t, the water supply had decreased 0.01×107m3, the soil erosion had increased 1.21×107t, the soil erosion intensifies; after NFPP construction, the plant cover had increased, the vegetation evenness index had increased 0.005, the forest productivity had decreased 5796.62t, he water supply had increased 0.25×107m3, the soil erosion had decreased 1.69×107t, the soil erosion had effectively controlled.(5) The dynamic comprehensive benefits of NFPP were evaluated and analyzed using the model of comprehensive benefits index. Before NFPP construction (1994-1999), the comprehensive benefits were transferred from the relatively poor level and the fairly good level to poor level and general level, the transferred area was 0.86×104 hm2, the comprehensive benefits had decreased; after NFPP construction (1999-2007), the comprehensive benefits were transferred from the poor level and the relatively poor level, the general level and the fairly good level, the transferred area was 0.61×104 hm2, the comprehensive benefits had increased. |
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