On The Development Of Famine Policy And The Relationship Between Famine Policy And Finance In Ancient China

China has always been founded on agriculture in ancient society. Agriculture plays a vital role to all aspects of social and economic. There was nearly 80% of the state revenue in the ancient government came from agricultural production. However, the natural environment in our country has both advantages and disadvantages.Flood, drought, windstorm, locusts, earthquakes and other natural disasters often alternate in the country. These disasters seriously affected the agricultural production, resulted in sharp drop to the income of crop farmers. Therefore, the ancient government made a series of efforts on how to prevent famine, how to place the flood victims, how to restore production as soon as possible. All of these formed the policy of famine. So the policy of famine has a special socio-economic status in ancient China. This paper selects the policy of famine for the study. Aimed at clarifying the development of the policy of famine. Fully reproduce the relations between the policy of famine and financial. To provide a reference for the disaster prevention and mitigation of modern society.The policy of famine is caused by the ancient government to adopt a series of measures for the disaster casualties and harm to society, including the reserves and control of pre-disaster, temporary disaster relief, disaster relief and so on. The main part of the implementation to the policy of famine is the government. It is under the organization of state power, and implemente by a series of laws or measures. It is a concrete manifestation of state functions. and in touch with a certain degree of political, legal system and social and economic structure. The implementary object is civil state, mainly of them are farmers who affected by disasters. Farmers pay taxes to the state entirely from the agricultural production, so the agriculture is the foundation of national economy. Because of the peasants on the country's combat confusion producers and even the rise and fall of dynasties, the rulers ruled out from the interests of safeguarding the implementation of their own Famine Relief. Order to maintain the producers (farmers) in the survival and social reproduction and social stability.In ancient China, rulers provided relief to the flood victims is very common. Ever recorded from, the policy of famine is the historical account of the important content. The implementation is also important to all levels of official duties. The policy of famine in ancient China based on two ideological basis:First, rely on the people. Second, the ruler dependent.After country foundation, the policy of famine has become one of the manifestations of State functions, and becomes a major financial expenditure. In the certain time, the social resources were scarce, it had decided the social resources assignment inevitably is different between members of different social classes. But how does the social resources be assigned relates the relationship between the members of different social classes. Observe from majority emperor and the subjects, the emperor is very difficult provide a lasting safeguard for the subjects voluntarily. In Chinese history, although there is some special emperor was generous, but most emperors were taught by the overthrowing empire, more and more realized providing relief to the subjects is also maintaining their own dominant benefit.Specific to the relationship between Famine and finances is:the implementation of the main part in the ancient Famine is the government. Therefore, the operation and effectiveness of Famine is inextricably linked with the state finances. State finances provide the necessary material basis for the implementation of Famine Policy. Famine Policy depends on the government, it areas to various forms of material assistance in realization of paid or unpaid. So the condition of state finances has a direct bearing on the size and effectiveness of famine. Famine Policy has constraints and impacts by the state finances. Finance revenue and expenditure restrict the implementation of Famine Policy, restrict the choice of famine mode, and restrict the effect of Famine Policy, then restrict the recovery and development of social economy. In turn, the Famine Policy also affect the situation of finance revenue and expenditure. Famine expenditures promoting the recovery and development of social economy, to a certain extent will increase finance revenue for next year; But the government relief the victims' taxation also directly reduce the finance revenue that year. Meanwhile Famine Policy also an increase in spending, will be bound for other aspects of government spending. However, from the nature of the rulers, when the financial position is poor and it can not reduction of other necessary expenses, it will surely reduce the expenditure for the Famine Policy.The main contents in this paper are the carding of Famine Policy's development and the research of relationship between Finance Policy and finance, specific studies the fiscal burden of five dynasties:the Han, Tang, Song, Ming and Qing. However, due to the lack of historical materials and my limited research capacity, there are many deficiencies for the studies of the relationship between Famine Policy and finance.