Vegetation Changes Of Fenhe Valley During Ming And Qing Dynasties

Fenhe River is the largest river of Shanxi Province, a tributary of the Yellow River. The basin ecological environment of Fenhe River has been more vulnerable all the time. Since Qing and Han Dynasties, with the increasement of population and rising of land reclamation rate, as well as being affected by climate, environment, policy, war and many other aspects, vegetation suffered severe damage and vegetation coverage decreases continuously. Especially from the early Ming Dynasty, building of the Great Wall and Fort,and implement the large-scale military and business in the Fenhe River Basin, vegetation sufferred serious destruction and soil erosion was severe so that the valley ecological environment worsened day by day. Until the Qing Dynasty, due to various reasons, the destruction of vegetation was more intense. With more severe damage to the local ecological balance, a series of problems came one after another.Specifically, the upper reaches of the Fenhe River region in the early Ming Dynasty, the forest coverage rate was also accounted for about forty percent and forest condition was good. Since the Mid-Ming, periphery forest was subjected to severe destruction. In the late Ming, only some young miscellaneous remnant forest could be found in far-reaching mountains and no wood timber was left. These are dispersed residue forest whose coverage also accounted for less than twenty percent of the total area, about fifteen percent. To the Qing Dynasty, the Fen he River Basin forest burning, burning grass wasteland phenomena became more common, more serious damage to vegetation. Many hill was bare rock and the forest was difficult to recovery and update, and retreat to high mountains and steep slopes.In the midstream of the Fenhe River area, except for some relatively dangerous terrain, the mountains generally suffered from great loss and vegetation was destroyed seriously. Biological decrease led to frequent natural disaster.In the downstream of Fenhe River, because of flatness and lowness of mountains, vegetation was destroyed seriously. Till the Qing Dynasty, only some remnant forests and forest landscape was left.In addition to postscript, the paper consists of five parts:The first part is the introduction, briefly introduces the purpose and significance of study, research methods, innovation as well as domestic and foreign to the Fenhe River Valley vegetation research and other dynamic content;The second part:in the period of Ming and Qing River Basin of Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Fenhe River basin natural condition characteristics of the Fenhe River Basin in Ming and Qing Dynasty social and economic characteristics are briefly introduced.The third part:in the period of Ming and Qing Fen River Valley vegetation changes. The Fenhe district will be divided into upstream of Fenhe River Basin, middle reaches, downstream of three regions, Three areas are discussed separately. Based on relevant historical records, the paper reappears reduction of the Fenhe River Valley vegetation changes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the greatest degree. Analysis of the Ming and Qing Dynasties the Fenhe River Basin tree species distribution and changes.The fourth part:Impact of and the reasons of the vegetation change in Fen River Valley in the period of Ming and Qing. The paper states through water loss, soil erosion, increasing of flood disasters, the dry climate and increasing of drought and decreasing of wild animal resources. The second part is the change of inquiry. The paper states reason of vegetation change from natural causes, the social reason, political reasons.The fifth part:the conclusion and enlightenment.