A Study On Solid Geometry Textbooks Of Senior High School From1902to1949in China

It was a period of transition from traditional mathematics education tomodern mathematics education between1902and1949in China. Somefrom Japan and the western have been introduced into mathematicseducation in middle school, such as mathematics education system,education theory and education modes and so on. From imitation to learningfrom foreign advanced composition and then making them be of Chinesecharacteristics gradually. While mathematics textbooks had gone throughtranslation, compilation and self-writing, the content changed from directlytranslation, additions and adjustments to innovation. By far, researchachievements have been achieved, that involving in the middle schoolmathematics textbooks of that period, but there are lack of systematic andcomprehensive study on the development history of solid geometrytextbooks. The literature study is the main research method and others aresecondary in this paper. It have a systematic and in-depth study on the solidgeometry in high school textbooks with the help of a large number offirst-hand information on that period.1.This paper involves four periods: the late Qing Dynasty (1902-1911),the early Republic of China (1912-1922), the mid Republic of China(1923-1936) and the later Republic of China (1937-1949) according to theevolution of academic structure and social change from1902to1949. Itcombs each period on the basis of the evolution of solid geometry textbook,selects five solid geometry textbooks as representative of case, analyzestheir written backgrounds, authors, written forms, content structures,mathematical terminologies, gives the summary of their characteristics, atlast it renders development process of solid geometry textbooks in eachperiod.At first the academic structure didn′t set standards of content for solidgeometry in the first two periods, then the specific content of solid geometryhas been formulated by it and curriculum standard until1922. The solid geometry textbooks were mostly translated from Japan and the United Statesin the late Qing Dynasty, and there were more content and exercises in them.Until the early Republic of China, such textbooks self-written were increasegradually, while it reduced the content and the amount of exercises, weremainly in simplicity. In mid Republic of China, the teaching material systemwith Chinese characteristics began to be appeared gradually. That periodfeatures was accumulated rich experience, published some high level solidgeometry textbooks, the content and exercises were moderate amount.Republic of the medium-term was the heyday of mathematics textbooksdevelopment from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. In thelater of Republic of China, the quondam textbooks continued to use, on theother hand the solid geometry textbooks of the previous period wererepublished after the modification.2. It studies solid geometry textbooks from another angle by combingtheir contents, which appeared in university entrance mathematics examsand unified examination of middle school in the Republic of China.3. It analyses and summarizes publishing systems, publishers, authorsand version diversity of the solid geometry textbooks during that time, andprsents their characteristics of diversification development. To strive toprovide some references is purpose for solid geometry researchers andwriters and online mathematics education teachers.