Primary Study On Quantitative Assessment And Risk Management Of Dust Storm Disaster

Dust storms occurred in the desert and its surrounding areas unique to a disastrous weather in Northwest China great harm. It is important to accelerate the process of desertification, land desertification is developed to a certain extent the specific embodiment. It is soil erosion, destruction, injury and damage to human health, seriously affecting the survival and development of local residents, so much attention. Although many meteorological science and technology workers from the basic characteristics and hazards sandstorm sandstorm causes analysis and numerical simulation of dust and sandstorms transportation and other aspects of disaster prevention and mitigation measures undertaken extensive research, but on the sand storm quantitative assessment and risk management The research is very rare. Based on this, the use of conventional ground meteorological observations in spatial and temporal distribution based on the area to be divided sandstorm disaster assessment, the establishment of dust and wind erosion risk assessment models and applications for zoning evaluation model and gives results of the evaluation made sandstorm disaster risk management system. The main results are as follows:(1) From the sandstorms temporal distribution, the frequency of sandstorms provinces of Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia. Therefore, the paper selected Freeman Xinjiang, Gansu Minqin, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia to cripple Lake sandstorm and wind erosion risk assessment on behalf of stations, the findings show that these four sites have good representation.(2) Sandstorm sandstorm disaster assessment mainly as risk, which consists of an object to withstand disasters endanger its own strength and disaster vulnerability; PREGNANT determine the stability of the environment. Use visibility indicator (DV), wind indicator (U), cooling index (AT), trend indicators (TR) and sediment transport index (P) and the unknown variable index X constructed sandstorm risk quantification expression, and indicators stations use, and finally according to casualty data will be divided into four stations three sandstorms risk, it is more convenient to use.(3) Using the maximum wind speed, wind from sand, dust storms start and end time, annual precipitation, surface damage rate, vegetation cover, soil thickness and other parameters constant, the establishment of Minqin sandstorm erosion model and gives examples of use. Including24April2010dust storm hazard ratio4.49, destruction of soil thickness of16.5mm, resulting in variation of vegetation cover0.83%; March27,2007storm hazard ratio1.93,wind erosion of soil thickness7.2mm,resulting in vegetation coverage change0.36%, with actual persuasive.(4) The introduction of the sandstorm disaster risk management philosophy, built sandstorm disaster risk management system, including:pre-disaster early warning defense system, focusing on whether the formation of disaster risk response; disaster response system in the main assessment sandstorm disasters can accept and takecorresponding plans; disaster risk assessment system, the main residual risk analysis and derivatives disaster disaster risk and risk-based guidance restoration and reconstruction work. And three systems were introduced in detail the composition, working principle and process, for the sandstorm provide important scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation.