A Study On The Ecological Compensation Based On Transfer Payments

With the development of economics and society, human consumption of natural resources is increasing day by day, which is far beyond the recovery capacity of nature. The problem of ecological environment is becoming more and more serious,which has threaten the development of our economic and society. However, in recent years, it is extremely joyful that governments in many countries have strengthen to manage the ecological and environmental problems,and taken some effective measures to tackle these problems. Of course, these policies and measures promote effectively the improvement of ecological condition.However, during the practice of ecological construction and protection, some structural policies remain vacant. particularly in ecological construction, economic policy still is a serious shortage. This situation makes the ecological benefits and economic benefits be distributed unfairly between the protectors and the beneficiaries, the victims and the destructors, which makes the beneficiaries occupy ecological benefits without cost, the destructors fails to assume the responsibility and costs of ecological damage, but the protectors and victims can’t acquire economic compensation. The relationship is destructed between ecological protection and economic benefits,as not only makes most countries face sreious internal difficulties in ecological protection, but also gives an affect on harmonious among different people and different countries. In order to solve these problems, ecological compensation mechanism must be established,which can adjust the relevant benefits between ecological construction and economic development, and promote ecological and environmental protection.Ecological compensation(Eco-compensation), includes internal compensation (self-compensation) and external compensation (economic compensation). Internal compensation is self-compensation of ecological system when the system is damaged by human or non-human factors; but external compensation refers to economic compensation, its main purpose is to protect the ecological environment and keep harmonious development between human and nature.The question of this paper is gived out based on the serious ecological problems at present. So we deed to have an in-depth study on the transfer payment in ecological compensation fields,including theoretical research and practical analysis.Because ecological resource is a typical public utility, which characteristic includes nondivisibility at utility,nonrivalry at consumption and nonexcludability at benefit, as caused appearing "free-rider" behaviour when people consume ecological resources. Its result is that, the ecological benefits can benefit from ecological environment without cost or little cost, ecological protectors can’t get enough compensation to make up their construction cost, so there is lack of motivation in social ecological construction and protection. Undoubtedly, the government will become the best supporter at the construction and protection of ecological environment, the government use a series of approaches based on ecological compensation policies. At the same time, financial transfer payment system become the most approach in governmental compensation.However, we must clarity that there are still many practical problems in our domestic transfer payment of ecological compensation fields, for example, our economic is still in underdeveloped level, but transfer payment takes on great compensatory, which makes transfer payment face big financial; perplexing ecological management departments and non-standard management manners, as makes financial transfer payment be lack of standardized and transparent operating.There are various reasons why transfer payment compensation appears afore-mentioned problems, including economy development factors, theoretical study factors and fund management factors, and so on.For these problems and reasons that exist in transfer payment compensation, this paper analyzes these problems and reasons,meanwhile, this paper states the ecological compensation principles in brief.At the last, specific to these serious problems existing in transfer payment compensation, this paper gives out five countermeasures:The first and foremost, we should establish horizontal transfer payment mechanism in ecological compensation, which not only tackles the shortage of transfer payment, but also is the base of bringing in marketable factors.Secondly, we should improve the system and channel in transfer payment compensation actively, to solve the finance gap.Thirdly, in the practice of transfer payment compensation,we should make use of the ecological compensation finance, set up minimum compensatory level in ecological compensation, in order to enhance useful efficiency.Last but not the least, we need drawing on overseas experience, and install performance appraisal system in transfer payment compensation at once. Only by this way, the transfer payment finance can play an important part in the field of ecological compensation.Of course, ecological compensation is a big and lasting project, the study of this paper is tip of the iceberg, in the meantime, as a result of the author’s superficial and limited knowledge, there are still some faults in this paper, the author expect other people to correct and improve it.