Study On Ecological Environmental Protection Effect And Fund Allocation Reconstruction Of Transfer Payment In Ecological Function Areas

In recent years,China’s economic development has growth,but the resources and environment have been destroyed.With the frequent occurrence of disasters,people increasingly realize that protecting the environment is to cherish life and be responsible for future generations.Therefore,China firmly sets up the"banner"of ecological protection.Therefore,the central government explores new policies to guide regional governments to balance the relationship between local ecological construction and economic development,and the transfer payment of ecological function zone implemented in 2008 is one of them.The purpose of the policy is to encourage the local governments to change the traditional philosophy of economic development,moderately shift to the direction of ecological protection,so as to promote the improvement of regional ecological environment quality.The policy is placed under the general transfer payment system,which may lead to many problems in fund allocation,performance supervision and other aspects,and then affect the ecological and environmental effects of transfer payment funds.The first reason is that the system design itself has defects（whether it has efficient incentive）,and the second reason is that the choice of local government’s economic behavior is not easy to reverse.The clear transmission path between institutional effect and regional government behavior can provide reasonable suggestions and innovative ideas for the improvement of policies,and then change the development behavior mode of local government to achieve the goal of ecological environment protection.At present,there are few studies on whether the transfer payment funds of ecological function areas can effectively guide the local government to change the development mode,and most of the empirical analysis focuses on the issues at provincial level,while there are few studies at county level.As the first"ecological province"set by the central government,Hubei Province’s ecological status is self-evident.This study evaluates whether the transfer payment of ecological function areas in Hubei Province has a positive impact on the regional ecological environmental protection benefits,tests whether the policy can encourage the local government of Hubei Province to turn to the development mode of ecological concept,and puts forward the method of policy fund reconstruction according to ecological spillover,so as to put forward suggestions for the construction of ecological function areas and the environmental protection behavior of local government of Hubei Province.The conclusions are as follows.First,the transfer payment system of ecological function zone is beneficial to improve the ecological quality to a certain extent,but the policy does not significantly improve the effectiveness of local government in the governance of ecological environment.Although the policy funds play a positive role in improving the effect of ecological environmental protection,the policy funds only play a scale effect and fail to change the preference of environmental protection behavior of local governments in Hubei Province.Therefore,the local government of Hubei Province needs to strengthen the capital investment of ecological environmental protection,not only to improve the quantity,but also to achieve the precise play of the ecological effect of funds.Second,the improvement of comprehensive environmental quality of ecological function zone by transfer payment funds is mainly through water environmental protection behavior and atmospheric environmental protection behavior,and the influence degree of funds on various environmental protection effects is different:water environmental protection effect>atmospheric environmental protection effect>greening environmental protection effect.When the transfer payment policy fund of ecological function zone affects the atmospheric environmental protection effect of local government,it is mainly conducted by reducing industrial NO₂ emissions and dust emissions,and the local government has strong willingness and ability to improve the atmospheric environment,especially the ability to reduce industrial SO₂ emissions.According to the different effects of funds on all kinds of environmental protection behaviors,it can provide suggestions for the regional adjustment of environmental protection goals.Thirdly,strengthening the concept of ecological environmental protection,improving the policy assessment system and expanding the scale of funds are conducive to the incentive effect of policy funds on regional environmental protection behavior.Due to the unrestricted use of policy funds and the local demand for economic development,areas with poor natural ecological environment and resources and low fiscal revenue in Hubei Province will invest more in economic construction,which can not change the traditional concept of local government’s use of funds,resulting in the"sticky fly board effect"of fund use.Fourthly,it is more efficient to allocate the transfer payment funds to the ecological function areas according to the policy content.The ecological effects of funds allocated to different types of functional areas are different,and the order of regional ecological effects is as follows:Southwest Hubei>East Hubei>Northwest Hubei>main agricultural product producing areas>key development areas.Although the government of Hubei Province includes the areas with similar geographical location and ecological environment into the scope of fund allocation,the environmental protection efficiency of the new transfer payment areas is not as good as the ecological function areas.In terms of policy implementation,Hubei provincial government embodies the initiative of self-regulation policy,but whether this behavior can improve the ecological and environmental protection efficiency of funds needs further research.Fifthly,from the perspective of ecological compensation,this paper uses the incentive of ecological compensation to construct the transfer payment fund allocation method of ecological functional areas in Hubei Province,and takes the contribution of spillover value after deducting the negative value of pollution discharge as the basis of fund allocation.（1）The highest value of ecological services in the ecological function areas of Hubei Province is the water area and wetland ecosystem.（2）From the perspective of functional zoning,there is a large gap in the unit ecological service value within the scope of transfer payment funds of ecological functional areas in Hubei Province.The ecological service value of Mufu mountain area is the highest,and that of Qinba area is the lowest.Various types of pollution emissions in Hubei Province will seriously affect the overall quality of the ecological environment,so in the process of policy performance evaluation and real-time supervision,we should strengthen the index weight of human emissions in the EI evaluation system.（3）The local government of Hubei Province should strengthen the pertinence and accuracy of environmental pollution control.The types of pollutants discharged in the transfer payment area of Hubei ecological functional area are agricultural pollution type,water resource pollution type and comprehensive pollution type.（4）According to the net value of ecological environment,the transfer payment of ecological function areas in Hubei Province should strengthen the ecological performance evaluation,and adjust the counties（cities）of ecological function areas when necessary.Danjiangkou City and Xingshan County in the ecological function area,Maojian District,Zhangwan District,Gucheng County,Tuanfeng county and Shayang County in the new transfer payment area have seriously exceeded the purification effect of the ecological environment.The Hubei provincial government should strengthen the supervision and management and performance appraisal of the"ecological negative value"areas.If the"ecological negative value"areas continue to be in the"negative value"state,the superior government should consider whether to adjust the scope of ecological function areas and eliminate the"ecological protection unqualified"areas.（5）The government of Hubei Province should adjust the allocation amount of transfer payment funds in time,strengthen the subjective initiative of the government of Hubei Province on environmental protection,and give full play to the system incentive effectively.The growth rate of reconstruction funds in Yuan’an County,Chongyang County,Qichun County,Enshi City and Yangxin County in the new transfer payment area is more than2116.68%,and the growth rate of reconstruction funds in Tongshan County,Tongcheng County,Yiling District and Hong’an County in the ecological function area is more than100%.The growth rate of reconstruction funds in Dawu County,Shennongjia forest region,Nanzhang County,Fang County and Xishui county is below-50%,and their ecological environment value is overestimated.Based on the above research conclusions,this paper puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions.By establishing the brand of agricultural products,building eco-tourism,government enterprise cooperation to carry out activities to help agriculture and other ways to change the mode of regional economic development,improve the government’s awareness of environmental protection.Through the collection of eco-environmental taxes,the establishment of horizontal transfer payment system and other market means,broaden the channels of ecological construction funds.By subdividing the ecological indicators in the fund allocation standard,enhancing the weight of pollutant discharge indicators and setting ecological assessment indicators according to regional differences,the fund allocation standard can be reconstructed to achieve fair distribution.We should strictly supervise the policy process,improve the content,and subdivide the responsibilities of institutions to improve the performance appraisal system,and promote the incentive by the dual system of rewards and punishments.The scope and scale of fund allocation should be adjusted in time by adjusting the compensation area and reconstructing the policy funds.