Synthesis And Characterization Of Conducting Polymers And Their Composites

Controlled micro/nanostructures of polyaniline（PAn） have been synthesized by using the hollow spherical micelles structured by inorganic salts（CuSO4） and aniline（Ani） monomer as the template in this paper. The formation mechanism of hollow spherical PAn was proposed in detail.The effect of the concentration of ammonium persulfate （APS）, CuSO4 and Ani on the morphology of product was also discussed. Meanwhile, polypyrrole（PPy）/Rh composites were prepared by using RhCl₃ as the oxidant to obtained the material with the better and pluralistic performance. And PPy were synthesized firstly with the catalysis of RhCl₃. The catalysis mechanism and reusing of RhCl₃ were also proposed. Besides, leaf-like PAn/Pt composites have been prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization of Ani in the aqueous solution of nonionic surfactant F108（PEG-PPO-PEG）, using APS as the oxidant and propionic acid/sodium propionate as the buffer solution. The formation mechanism of leaf-like PAn/Pt composites was proposed in detail. And the effect of the concentration of F108, oxidant, monomer and buffer solution on the morphology of product was also discussed.The major conclusions are as follows :（1） PAn hollow spheres with controlled surface have been synthesized by using the hollow spherical micelles structured by CuSO4 and Ani as the template, and adjusting the concentration of oxidant. It was founded that PAn hollow spheres with sheet surface and the diameter of 1-2μm were obtained when [APS]:[Ani] was 1:0.5. When [APS]:[Ani] was 1:0.7, PAn hollow spheres with burr surface and the diameter of 1-3μm could be made.（2） PPy nanoparticles have been synthesized by using RhCl₃ as the activator, and oxygen from the air as the oxidant. At the same time, PPy nanoparticles with the uniform diameter and PPy/Rh nanospheres were both made by using RhCl₃ as the oxidant and activator. It indicated that RhCl₃ could be reused six times without reducing the activity.（3） The leaf-like PAn/Pt composites with controlled three-dimensional grown direction were obtained by using F108 as the template, and alterring the temperature and the concentration of buffer solution. It was founded that leaf-like structures were formed in the basic condition. Flower-like and tache-like structures were maded in the neutral and acidic condition respectively.And sphere-like structures were formed at 70℃while leaf-like structures were synthesized at 40℃. Meanwhile, the size and morphology of samples were influenced by the concentration of F108 and the reactive reagent（H2PtCl6, Ani） respectively.